Hello H
Im Juliet and Im happy to help you :)
I'm sorry to hear that you're having trouble launching Microsoft Edge on your Macbook Pro M1.
I would suggest you try to Check if your Macbook Pro is running the latest version of macOS. Microsoft Edge requires macOS 10.14 or later to run. If you're not running the latest version of macOS, try updating your operating system and see if that helps.
Let me know what happens :)