Though the other two prospective answers in this thread mention various workaround methods that once worked at points in time, the true reasons you'll find using the phone to contact Microsoft Support difficult if not impossible today are actually relatively clear, but often not well known to those outside Microsoft until they've been told.
For that reason, I'll provide those references and try to explain so you'll realize why your attempts via phone seem so futile.
Here's the first and most clear document that though it seems specific to the Microsoft 365 (once called Office, but now the current subscription-based) product that's actually the most likely app most using Windows and Microsoft Personal (e.g. consumer) accounts have today.
Microsoft 365 Customer Service and Support - Microsoft Support
Note the first paragraph that follows explains the basic purpose of the document quite clearly, while the chart further down that same page explains which types of support are available based on the particular product(s) you might be using.
"The type of support Microsoft provides for consumers depends on the product you're calling about and if you have a product for home or for business use. It can also depend on if you want help for an issue with a service like OneDrive or Outlook.com, or help with Windows, but you don't have an existing Microsoft 365 subscription."
Also note that as the chart implies, the initial method typically required to gain access to phone support is by doing Chat with a Call back, while the global support lines are only intended for certain business users who's phone numbers are typically already registered with Microsoft's internal phone support systems and that's the reason direct phone calls to these same numbers will virtually always be rejected and redirected to the online support sites including these Q&A forums.
For a broader view into the quickly evolving support structure for Microsoft the last decade or so, these two documents found by using the internet search also included below give some idea of how Microsoft sees the future of customer support, especially for the generally less lucrative, small margin consumer products that obviously generate less revenue.
Evolution from Old Call Centers to Modern Contact Centers | Microsoft Community Hub
The future of customer service: AI innovations and real-world applications - Microsoft in Business Blogs
evolution of Microsoft's consumer support services at DuckDuckGo
In general, the belief that Microsoft is dropping all support is incorrect, but it's clearly true they'd moved away from direct phone support years ago, with the limits placed on this method becoming more obvious as time goes on, with little to none of this type of support available to most Microsoft consumer users any longer as these documents clearly show and explain.
In fact, this set of forums is one of your most available methods to reach an actual person, even though some of the most quickly delivered posts in these forums have recently begun to be posted by AI, tagged as "AI-Assist' posts to differentiate them from those posted by a human like me.
Get used to these sorts of changes, since as the Microsoft in Business Blogs document above indicates, this is an intentional direction that Microsoft plans to also sell to other companies to perform their own support options as the modern AI ecosystem grows.
Rob