Hello CE777,
Based on your description, I did a lot of research on the Microsoft Teams, and if you want to split 40 students into 10 parts for their studying and communicating separately, as far as I know you could try to create one single team for all of them, then you could manually create 10 private channels in which you could add 4 of them one by one. For your reference https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/MicrosoftTeams/private-channels.
Also here are some pros/cons of a single team VS ten different teams. Generally, a single team you add all of them, they will be the team members, after that you create the private channels and add them spearately into different private channels. In this case, when you give them different work, or questions in different private channels, only the private channels member will get the work, others cannot see them. So you can split them studying spearately. Also when you want to notify all you students with the same thing, you only need to post it in the general channel, in this channel, all of your students will notice it, thanks.
By the way, if you create ten different teams, you can also split them spearatly, however, it may take your more time to manage them, also if you want to notify the a comman thing, you may need to post in one team, and then manually copy and paste it to different teams one by one...... This may also take up more of your time and energy, thanks.
Please feel free to share with me if you have any other concern, thanks.
Best Regards,
Oliver