Client services can consume WCF services even if they are in different frameworks, as long as the client libraries for WCF are compatible with the framework being used. While WCF services can be hosted in the .NET Framework, the server components are not implemented outside of it, meaning that hosting WCF services in .NET Core or .NET 5+ is not supported. However, client libraries for WCF do exist in .NET Core, allowing those clients to consume WCF services. Therefore, while you can consume WCF services from different frameworks, hosting those services requires the .NET Framework.
To benefit from performance, security, and cross-platform capabilities, it is recommended to consider alternatives like gRPC for new developments.
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