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filter_view class (C++ Standard Library)

A view that filters out the elements of a range that don't match the predicate.

Syntax

template<ranges::input_range V, indirect_unary_predicate<iterator_t<V>> Pred>
    requires view<V> && is_object_v<Pred>
class filter_view : public view_interface<filter_view<V, Pred>>;

Template parameters

V
The type of the underlying range.

Pred
The type of the predicate that determines which elements to keep.

View characteristics

For a description of the following entries, see View class characteristics

Characteristic Description
Range adaptor views::filter
Underlying range Must satisfy input_range or higher
Element type Same as the underlying range
View iterator category input_range, forward_range, or bidirectional_range depending on the underlying range
Sized No
Is const-iterable No
Common range Only if the underlying range satisfies common_range
Borrowed range Only if the underlying range satisfies borrowed_range

Members

Member functions Description
ConstructorsC++20 Construct the view.
baseC++20 Get the underlying range.
beginC++20 Get an iterator to the first element.
endC++20 Get the sentinel at the end of the view.
predC++20 Get a reference to the predicate that determines which elements to drop.
Inherited from view_interface Description
backC++20 Get the last element.
emptyC++20 Test whether the view is empty.
frontC++20 Get the first element.
operator boolC++20 Test whether the view isn't empty.

Requirements

Header: <ranges> (since C++20)

Namespace: std::ranges

Compiler Option: /std:c++20 or later is required.

Constructors

Construct an instance of a filter_view

1) constexpr filter_view(V base, P pred);
2) filter_view() requires default_initializable<V> && default_initializable<Pred> = default;

Parameters

base
The underlying view.

pred
The predicate that determines which elements to keep from the underlying view.

For information about the template parameter types, see Template parameters.

Return value

A filter_view instance.

Remarks

The best way to create a filter_view is by using the views::filter range adaptor. Range adaptors are the intended way to create view classes. The view types are exposed in case you want to create your own custom view type.

1) Create a value-initialized filter_view. The predicate and the underlying view must be default-initializable.
2) Move constructs the filter_view from a base view and a pred predicate. Both base and pred are moved via std::move().

Example: filter_view

// requires /std:c++20 or later
#include <ranges>
#include <iostream>
#include <vector>

void print(auto v)
{
    for (auto& x : v)
    {
        std::cout << x << ' ';
    }
    std::cout << '\n';
}

int main()
{
    std::vector<int> v{0, 1, -2, 3, -4, -5, 6};
    auto myView = std::views::filter(v, [](int i) {return i > 0; });
    print(myView); // outputs 1 3 6

    auto myView2 = v | std::views::filter([](int i) {return i < 3; });
    print(myView2); // outputs 0 1 -2 -4 -5
}

1 3 6
0 1 -2 -4 -5

base

Gets the underlying range.

// Uses a copy constructor to return the underlying range
constexpr V base() const& requires std::copy_constructible<V>;

// Uses std::move() to return the underlying range
constexpr V base() &&;

Parameters

None.

Returns

The underlying view.

begin

Get an iterator to the first element in the view.

constexpr auto begin();

Return value

An iterator pointing at the first element in the view. The behavior is undefined if the view doesn't have a predicate.

Picture of a vector with the elements 10, 20, and 30. The first element contains 10 and is labeled begin(). The last element contains 30 and is labeled 'last element'. An imaginary box after the last element indicates the sentinel and is labeled end().

end

Get the sentinel at the end of the view.

constexpr auto end()

Return value

The sentinel that follows the last element in the view:

Picture of a vector with the elements 10, 20, and 30. The first element contains 10 and is labeled begin(). The last element contains 30 and is labeled 'last element'. An imaginary box after the last element indicates the sentinel and is labeled end().

pred

Get a reference to the predicate that determines which leading elements to drop.

constexpr const Pred& pred() const;

Return value

A reference to the predicate.

Remarks

If the class doesn't store a predicate, the behavior is undefined.

Example pred

// requires /std:c++20 or later
#include <ranges>
#include <iostream>
#include <vector>

int main()
{
    std::vector<int> v{0, 1, 2, 3, -4, 5, 6};
    auto mv = v | std::views::filter(
        [](int i) {return i < 5; }); // keep the elements < 5
    
    std::cout << std::boolalpha << mv.pred()(v[6]); // outputs "false" because v[6] = 6 and 6 is not less than 5 (the predicate)
}

See also

<ranges>
filter range adaptor
drop_while()
take_while()
view classes

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