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Customize x-axis and y-axis properties

APPLIES TO: Power BI Desktop Power BI service

In this tutorial, you learn many different ways to customize the X-axis and Y-axis of your visuals. Not all visuals have axes. Pie charts, for example, don't have axes. And customization options vary from visual to visual. There are too many options to cover in a single article, so let's take a look at some of the most-used customizations and get comfortable using the visual Format pane in the Power BI report canvas.

Prerequisites

Add a new visualization

Before you can customize your visualization, you have to build it.

  1. In Power BI Desktop, open the Retail Analysis sample.

  2. At the bottom, select the yellow plus icon to add a new page.

    Screenshot showing the new page icon, a plus sign.

  3. From the Visualizations pane, select the stacked column chart icon to add an empty template to your report canvas.

    Screenshot of the Visualizations pane with the tooltip text showing for the stacked column chart.

  4. To set the X-axis values, from the Fields pane, select Time > FiscalMonth.

  5. To set the Y-axis values, from the Fields pane, select Sales > Last Year Sales and Sales > This Year Sales > Value.

    Screenshot of the populated stacked column chart.

Now you can customize your X-axis. Power BI provides almost limitless options for formatting your visualization.

Customize the X-axis

There are many features that are customizable for the X-axis. You can add and modify the data labels and X-axis title. For categories, you can modify the width, size, and padding of bars, columns, lines, and areas. And for values, you can modify the display units, decimal places, and grid lines. If the primary axis data type is scalar, you can choose between continuous axis (the default for scalar types like numeric and datetime) or categorical. Continuous axes can be linear or log scale, and show all the data without scrolling. Categorical axes show the category label for each data point, and will scroll if content doesn't fit within the plot area.

The following example shows customization for a column chart. Let's add a few customizations to get you familiar with the options and then you can explore the rest on your own.

Customize the X-axis labels

The X-axis labels display below the columns in the chart. Right now, they're light grey, small, and difficult to read. Let's change that.

  1. In the Visualizations pane, select Format (the paint brush icon ) to reveal the customization options.

  2. Expand the X-axis options.

    Screenshot of the X-axis options.

    There are cases where you might want to set the X-axis Values to Off. For example, if the visualization is self-explanatory without labels or if you have a crowded report page and need to make space to display more data.

  3. Format the x-axis text by adjusting these values:

    • Font family: Select Arial Black

  4. Format the text color, size, and font:

    • Color: Select black

    • Text size: Enter 14

    • Font family: Select Arial Black

    • Columns: Open Spacing

    • Inner padding: Enter 40%

    • Change the font size to something smaller than 14.

    • Make the visualization larger.

    • Display fewer columns and add a scrollbar by increasing Minimum category width.

    Here, we selected the second option and grabbed one of the resize bars to make the visualization wider. It now accommodates the 14-point text without needing to display the text on an angle or with a scrollbar.

    Screenshot of the formatting pane and the chart with horizontal X-axis labels. The resize bar on the left side of the chart is highlighted.

Customize the X-axis title

When the X-axis title is On, the X-axis title displays below the X-axis labels.

  1. Start by turning the X-axis title to On.

    Screenshot showing the X-axis Title On/Off toggle.

    The first thing you might notice is that your visualization now has a default X-axis title. In this case, it's FiscalMonth.

    Screenshot of the chart with title 'FiscalMonth' displayed along the bottom.

  2. Format the title text color, size, and font:

    • Title color: Select orange
    • Axis title: Type Fiscal Month (with a space)
    • Title text size: Enter 18

    After you finish the customizations, your stacked column chart looks something like this:

    Screenshot of the customized stacked column chart.

  3. Save your changes and move to the next section. If you ever need to revert all of the changes, select Revert to default at the bottom of the X-Axis customization pane. Next, let's customize the Y-Axis.

Customize the Y-axis

There are many features that can be customized for the Y-axis. You can add and modify the data labels, Y-axis title, and gridlines. For values, you can modify the display units, decimal places, axis range (minimum and maximum values), and intervals. And, for categories, you can modify the width, size, and padding of bars, columns, lines, and areas.

The following example continues our customization of a column chart. Let's make a few changes to get you familiar with the options, and then you can explore the rest on your own.

Customize the Y-axis labels

The Y-axis labels are displayed on the left side by default. Right now, they're light grey, small, and difficult to read. Let's change that.

  1. Expand the Y-axis options and move the Values slider to On.

    Screenshot of the Y-axis options.

    One reason you might want to turn off the Y-axis, is to save space for more data.

  2. Format the y-axis text by adjusting these values:

    • Font family: Select Arial Black
    • Font size: Enter 10
    • Color: Select black
    • Text size: Enter 10
    • Display units: Select Millions

    Screenshot showing the chart after Y-axis formatting.

Control the Y-axis range and intervals

You can control how many labels appear on the Y-axis by adjusting the axis range settings. This is useful when you want to show more or fewer data points on the axis.

  1. In the Y-Axis options, expand the Range section.

  2. To set custom minimum and maximum values:

    • Set the Minimum value to define where the axis starts (e.g., 0)
    • Set the Maximum value to define where the axis ends (e.g., 10000000)

    By adjusting these values, you can control the scale of your axis and indirectly affect how many labels appear. Power BI automatically calculates optimal intervals based on the range you specify.

    Note

    Power BI automatically determines the best interval spacing for axis labels based on your data range. You cannot directly set a specific interval value (such as "show a label every 1000 units"), but you can influence label density by adjusting the minimum and maximum range values.

  3. To reset the axis to automatic values, clear the Minimum and Maximum fields or select Revert to default at the bottom of the Y-Axis customization pane.

Customize the Y-axis title

When the Y-axis title is On, the Y-axis title displays next to the Y-axis labels. For this visualization, having a Y-axis title doesn't improve the visual, so leave Title turned Off. Later in this tutorial, we add Y-axis titles to a dual-axis visual.

Customize the gridlines

Let's make the gridlines stand out by changing the color and increasing the stroke:

  • Expand The Gridlines Tab: Select Horizontal
  • Color: Select orange
  • Width: Enter 2

After all these customizations, your column chart should look something like this:

Screenshot of the chart with the customized Y-axis.

Customizing visualizations with dual Y axes

Some visualizations can benefit from having two Y axes. Combo charts are a good example. Before we can format dual Y axes, we need to create a combo chart that compares trends for sales and gross margin.

Create a chart with two Y-Axes

  1. Select the column chart, and change it to a Line and stacked column chart. This type of visual supports a single line chart value and multiple stackable column values.

    Screenshot of the Visualizations pane with the line and stacked column chart icon called out.

  2. Drag Sales > Gross Margin Last Year % from your Fields pane into the Line Values bucket.

    Screenshot of the line and stacked column chart with all three values clearly represented.

  3. Reformat the visualization to remove the angled X-axis labels.

    Screenshot of the Format pane and Combo chart with the font size reduced to 12.

    Power BI creates two Y axes, allowing the values to be scaled differently. The left axis measures sales dollars. The right axis measures gross margin percentage.

Format the second Y-Axis

Because we started with a visualization with one formatted Y-axis, Power BI created the second Y-axis using the same settings. But we can change that.

  1. In the Visualizations pane, select the paint brush icon to display the format options.

  2. Expand the secondary Y-Axis options.

  3. Verify that it is On. Our secondary Y axis represents the line chart.

    Screenshot of the Secondary y-axis options.

  4. (Optional) Customize the font color, size, and display units for the two axes. If you switch Position for either the column axis or the line axis, then the two axes switch sides.

Add titles to both axes

With a visualization that's complex, it helps to add axes titles. Titles help your colleagues understand the story your visualization is telling.

  1. Toggle Title to On for Y-Axis (Column) and the Y-Axis (Line).

  2. Set Style to Show title only for both.

    Screenshot of the Title and Style options.

  3. Your combo chart now shows dual axes, both with titles.

    Screenshot of the customized chart with dual Y-Axes.

  4. Format the titles. In this example, we shortened one of the titles and reduced the font size for both.

    • Shortened the Title text for the first Y-axis (the column chart) to Sales last year & This year.
    • Font size: 9

    Screenshot of the combo chart displaying both y-axis titles.

    For more information, see Tips and tricks for color formatting in Power BI and Customize visualization titles, legends, and backgrounds.

Invert the y-axis

For line, bar, column, area, and combo charts, you can invert the y-axis, putting positive values going down and negative values going up.

  • In the Format visual pane, select Visual. Expand the Y-axis section, expand the Range section, and move the Invert range slider to On.

    Screenshot of the column chart with values on the y axis inverted.

Considerations and limitations

  • For continuous axes, Power BI automatically chooses the best tick interval based on your data range to ensure optimal readability. While you cannot set a specific interval value, you can influence the number of labels by adjusting the axis range (minimum and maximum values) in the Range section. Power BI creates a minimal format string for the tick interval to preserve space. Date values will be localized based on your system or browser locale.

Related content

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