Package name resolution

vcpkg determines the responsible registry (or overlay) for each package before reaching out to the network. This prevents package Dependency confusion attacks because name resolution does not depend on any external state.

The name resolution algorithm steps are:

• If the name is found in an overlay, use that overlay; otherwise
• If there is a "packages" pattern that matches the port name, use that registry; otherwise
• If the default registry is not null, use that registry; otherwise
• Fail to resolve the port to a registry.

When there are multiple "packages" patterns that match the name, vcpkg prioritizes as follows:

1. Exact match -- boost is chosen over boost*
2. Longest pattern -- boost* is chosen over b*
3. First match -- The first registry declaring the best pattern is chosen

Example #1: Package name resolution

vcpkg-configuration.json

{
  "registries": [
    {
      "kind": "git",
      "repository": "https://github.com/MicrosoftDocs/vcpkg-docs",
      "reference": "vcpkg-registry",
      "baseline": "768f6a3ad9f9b6c4c2ff390137690cf26e3c3453",
      "packages": ["bei*"]
    },
    {
      "kind": "git",
      "repository": "https://github.com/vicroms/vcpkg-registry",
      "baseline": "dacf4de488094a384ca2c202b923ccc097956e0c",
      "packages": ["beicode", "bei*"]
    }
  ]
}

vcpkg.json

{
  "dependencies": [
    "beicode",
    "beison",
    "fmt"
  ],
  "builtin-baseline": "7e7c62d863b1bf599c1d104b76cd8b74475844d4"
}

Given this configuration, each package name resolves to:

• beicode: from registry https://github.com/vicroms/vcpkg-registry (exact match on beicode)
• beison: from registry https://github.com/MicrosoftDocs/vcpkg-docs (pattern match on beison and declared first in "registries" array)
• fmt: from default registry (no matches)

Because multiple registries declare bei*, vcpkg will also emit a warning:

Found the following problems in configuration (path/to/vcpkg-configuration.json):
$ (a configuration object): warning: Package "bei*" is duplicated.
    First declared in:
        location: $.registries[0].packages[0]
        registry: https://github.com/MicrosoftDocs/vcpkg-docs
    The following redeclarations will be ignored:
        location: $.registries[1].packages[1]
        registry: https://github.com/vicroms/vcpkg-registry

Example #2: Assign multiple patterns to the default registry

You can change the default registry in two ways. First, by defining the "default-registry":

{
  "default-registry": {
    "kind": "git",
    "repository": "https://github.com/Microsoft/vcpkg",
    "baseline": "e79c0d2b5d72eb3063cf32a1f7de1a9cf19930f3"
  }
}

Second, by setting the "default-registry" to null and using the "*" pattern in the "registries" array:

{
  "default-registry": null,
  "registries": [
    {
      "kind": "git",
      "repository": "https://github.com/Microsoft/vcpkg",
      "baseline": "e79c0d2b5d72eb3063cf32a1f7de1a9cf19930f3",
      "packages": ["*"]
    }
  ]
}

An advantage of the second form is that you can add more entries to the packages array, while the "default-registry" object doesn't allow you to define a packages array at all. This difference becomes important in cases where you need to ensure that a package comes from the default registry.

Let's consider a registry that provides the Qt Framework libraries.

vcpkg-configuration.json

{
  "default-registry": {
    "kind": "git",
    "repository": "https://github.com/Microsoft/vcpkg",
    "baseline": "7e7c62d863b1bf599c1d104b76cd8b74475844d4"
  },
  "registries": [
    {
      "kind": "git",
      "repository": "https://github.com/custom-qt/custom-qt-registry",
      "baseline": "adfc4de488094a384ca2c202b923ccc097956e0c",
      "packages": ["qt*"]
    }
  ]
}

And the following project dependencies:

vcpkg.json

{
  "dependencies": [
    "qt5",
    "qt-advanced-docking-system",
    "qtkeychain"
  ]
}

The "qt*" pattern matches all port names in vcpkg.json. But there is a problem! The ports qt-advanced-docking-system and qtkeychain are not part of the official Qt Framework libraries and since vcpkg won't be able to find the ports in the custom registry the installation will fail.

This can be fixed by assigning these packages to the default registry instead. We accomplish that by changing the way we declare the default registry and adding qt-advanced-docking-system and qtkeychain to its "packages" array:

vcpkg-configuration.json

{
  "default-registry": null,
  "registries": [
    {
      "kind": "git",
      "repository": "https://github.com/Microsoft/vcpkg",
      "baseline": "e79c0d2b5d72eb3063cf32a1f7de1a9cf19930f3",
      "packages": ["*", "qt-advanced-docking-system", "qtkeychain"]
    },
    {
      "kind": "git",
      "repository": "https://github.com/custom-qt/custom-qt-registry",
      "baseline": "adfc4de488094a384ca2c202b923ccc097956e0c",
      "packages": ["qt*"]
    }
  ]
}

Because exact matches are preferred over pattern matches, qt-advanced-docking-system and qtkeychain will resolve to the default registry.

Overlay ports

Overlay ports are a way to extend vcpkg with additional ports without creating a full registry. Overlays are considered before any registry lookups, or versioning considerations. Overlays replace any builtin triplets or ports. See overlay ports to learn more.

Overlay ports are evaluated in this order:

1. Overlays from the command line --overlay-ports in the order passed; then
2. Overlays from vcpkg-configuration.json "overlay-ports" in order; then
3. Overlays from the VCPKG_OVERLAY_PORTS environment variable in order.

Overlay triplets

Overlay triplets are a way to extend vcpkg with additional triplets, without modifying vcpkg's installation directory. Overlays are considered before any builtin triplets.

Overlay triplets are evaluated in this order:

1. Overlays from the command line in the order passed; then
2. Overlays from vcpkg-configuration.json in order; then
3. Overlays from the VCPKG_OVERLAY_TRIPLETS environment variable in order.