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Reemplazar la serialización XML

Con XmlSerializer puede generar más de una secuencia XML con el mismo conjunto de clases. Esto puede ser aconsejable debido a que dos servicios Web XML distintos requieren la misma información básica, con sólo pequeñas diferencias. Por ejemplo, imagine dos servicios Web XML que procesan pedidos de libros y que requieren números ISBN. Un servicio utiliza la etiqueta <ISBN> mientras que el otro utiliza la etiqueta <BookID>. Tiene una clase denominada Book que contiene un campo denominado ISBN. Cuando se serializa una instancia de la clase Book, de forma predeterminada utilizará el nombre de miembro (ISBN) como nombre de elemento de la etiqueta. Para el primer servicio Web XML, esto es como se esperaba. Sin embargo, para enviar la secuencia XML al segundo servicio Web XML, debe reemplazar la serialización de modo que el nombre de elemento de la etiqueta sea BookID.

Para crear una secuencia XML con un nombre de elemento alternativo

  1. Cree una instancia de la clase XmlElementAttribute.
  2. Establezca el valor de ElementName del objeto XmlElementAttribute en "BookID".
  3. Cree una instancia de la clase XmlAttributes.
  4. Agregue el objeto XmlElementAttribute a la colección a la que se tiene acceso mediante la propiedad XmlElements de XmlAttributes.
  5. Cree una instancia de la clase XmlAttributeOverrides.
  6. Agregue el objeto XmlAttributes a XmlAttributeOverrides y pase el tipo del objeto que se reemplazará y el nombre del miembro que se reemplaza.
  7. Cree una instancia de la clase XmlSerializer con XmlAttributeOverrides.
  8. Cree una instancia de la clase Book y serialícela o deserialícela.

En el ejemplo siguiente se muestra este proceso de serialización.

Public Class SerializeOverride()
    ' Creates an XmlElementAttribute with the alternate name.
    Dim myElementAttribute As XmlElementAttribute = _
    New XmlElementAttribute()
    myElementAttribute.ElementName = "BookID"
    Dim myAttributes As XmlAttributes = New XmlAttributes()
    myAttributes.XmlElements.Add(myElementAttribute)
    Dim myOverrides As XmlAttributeOverrides = New XmlAttributeOverrides()
    myOverrides.Add(typeof(Book), "ISBN", myAttributes)
    Dim mySerializer As XmlSerializer = _
    New XmlSerializer(GetType(Book), myOverrides)
    Dim b As Book = New Book()
    b.ISBN = "123456789"
    ' Creates a StreamWriter to write the XML stream to.
    Dim writer As StreamWriter = New StreamWriter("Book.xml")
    mySerializer.Serialize(writer, b);
End Class
[C#]
public class SerializeOverride()
{
    // Creates an XmlElementAttribute with the alternate name.
    XmlElementAttribute myElementAttribute = new XmlElementAttribute();
    myElementAttribute.ElementName = "BookID";
    XmlAttributes myAttributes = new XmlAttributes();
    myAttributes.XmlElements.Add(myElementAttribute);
    XmlAttributeOverrides myOverrides = new XmlAttributeOverrides();
    myOverrides.Add(typeof(Book), "ISBN", myAttributes);
    XmlSerializer mySerializer = 
    new XmlSerializer(typeof(Book), myOverrides)
    Book b = new Book();
    b.ISBN = "123456789"
    // Creates a StreamWriter to write the XML stream to.
    StreamWriter writer = new StreamWriter("Book.xml");
    mySerializer.Serialize(writer, b);
}

La secuencia XML tendría la apariencia siguiente.

<Book>
    <BookID>123456789</BookID>
</Book>

Reemplazar clases

También puede crear una secuencia XML alternativa si deriva las clases existentes e indica a XmlSerializer que las serialice. Por ejemplo, dada la clase Book anterior, puede derivarla y crear una clase ExpandedBook con más propiedades. No obstante, debe indicar a XmlSerializer que acepte el tipo derivado cuando serialice o deserialice. Para ello, puede crear un XmlElementAttribute y establecer el valor de su propiedad Type al tipo de clase derivado. Agregue XmlElementAttribute a XmlAttributes. A continuación, agregue XmlAttributes a XmlAttributeOverrides y especifique el tipo que se está reemplazando y el nombre del miembro que acepta la clase derivada. Esto último se muestra en el ejemplo siguiente.

Public Class Orders
    public Books() As Book
End Class   

Public Class Book
    public ISBN As String 
End Class

Public Class ExpandedBook
    Inherits Book
    public NewEdition As Boolean
End Class

Public Class Run
    Shared Sub Main()
        Dim t As Run = New Run()
        t.SerializeObject("Book.xml")
        t.DeserializeObject("Book.xml")
    End Sub
    
    Public Sub SerializeObject(filename As String)
        ' Each overridden field, property, or type requires 
        ' an XmlAttributes. 
        Dim attrs As XmlAttributes = New XmlAttributes()

        ' Creates an XmlElementAttribute to override the 
        ' field that returns Book objects. The overridden field
        ' returns Expanded objects instead.
        Dim attr As XmlElementAttribute = _
        New XmlElementAttribute()
        attr.ElementName = "NewBook"
        attr.Type = GetType(ExpandedBook)

        ' Adds the element to the collection of elements.
        attrs.XmlElements.Add(attr)

        ' Creates the XmlAttributeOverrides.
        Dim attrOverrides As XmlAttributeOverrides = _
        New XmlAttributeOverrides()

        ' Adds the type of the class that contains the overridden 
        ' member, and the XmlAttributes to override it with, to the 
        ' XmlAttributeOverrides. 
        attrOverrides.Add(GetType(Orders), "Books", attrs)

        ' Creates the XmlSerializer using the XmlAttributeOverrides.
        Dim s As XmlSerializer  = _
        New XmlSerializer(GetType(Orders), attrOverrides)

        ' Writing the file requires a TextWriter.
        Dim writer As TextWriter = New StreamWriter(filename)

        ' Creates the object that will be serialized.
        Dim myOrders As Orders = New Orders()
        
        ' Creates an object of the derived type.
        Dim b As ExpandedBook = New ExpandedBook()
        b.ISBN= "123456789"
        b.NewEdition = True
        myOrders.Books = New ExpandedBook(){b}

        ' Serializes the object.
        s.Serialize(writer,myOrders)
        writer.Close()
    End Sub

    Public Sub DeserializeObject(filename As String)
        Dim attrOverrides As XmlAttributeOverrides = _
        New XmlAttributeOverrides()
        Dim attrs As XmlAttributes = New XmlAttributes()

        ' Creates an XmlElementAttribute to override the 
        ' field that returns Book objects. The overridden field
        ' returns Expanded objects instead. 
        Dim attr As XmlElementAttribute = _
        New XmlElementAttribute()
        attr.ElementName = "NewBook"
        attr.Type = GetType(ExpandedBook)

        ' Adds the XmlElementAttribute to the collection of objects.
        attrs.XmlElements.Add(attr)

        attrOverrides.Add(GetType(Orders), "Books", attrs)

        ' Creates the XmlSerializer using the XmlAttributeOverrides.
        Dim s As XmlSerializer = _
        New XmlSerializer(GetType(Orders), attrOverrides)

        Dim fs As FileStream = New FileStream(filename, FileMode.Open)
        Dim myOrders As Orders = CType( s.Deserialize(fs), Orders)
        Console.WriteLine("ExpandedBook:")

        ' The difference between deserializing the overridden 
        ' XML document and serializing it is this: To read the derived 
        ' object values, you must declare an object of the derived type 
        ' and cast the returned object to it. 
        Dim expanded As ExpandedBook 
        Dim b As Book
        for each b  in myOrders.Books
            expanded = CType(b, ExpandedBook)
            Console.WriteLine(expanded.ISBN)
            Console.WriteLine(expanded.NewEdition)
        Next
    End Sub
End Class
[C#]
public class Orders
{
    public Book[] Books;
}    

public class Book
{
    public string ISBN;
}

public class ExpandedBook:Book
{
    public bool NewEdition;
}

public class Run
{
    public void SerializeObject(string filename)
    {
        // Each overridden field, property, or type requires 
        // an XmlAttributes.
        XmlAttributes attrs = new XmlAttributes();

        // Creates an XmlElementAttribute to override the 
        // field that returns Book objects. The overridden field
        // returns Expanded objects instead.
        XmlElementAttribute attr = new XmlElementAttribute();
        attr.ElementName = "NewBook";
        attr.Type = typeof(ExpandedBook);

        // Adds the element to the collection of elements.
        attrs.XmlElements.Add(attr);

        // Creates the XmlAttributeOverrides.
        XmlAttributeOverrides attrOverrides = new XmlAttributeOverrides();

        // Adds the type of the class that contains the overridden 
        // member, and the XmlAttributes to override it with, to the 
        // XmlAttributeOverrides.
        attrOverrides.Add(typeof(Orders), "Books", attrs);

        // Creates the XmlSerializer using the XmlAttributeOverrides.
        XmlSerializer s = 
        new XmlSerializer(typeof(Orders), attrOverrides);

        // Writing the file requires a TextWriter.
        TextWriter writer = new StreamWriter(filename);

        // Creates the object that will be serialized.
        Orders myOrders = new Orders();
        
        // Creates an object of the derived type.
        ExpandedBook b = new ExpandedBook();
        b.ISBN= "123456789";
        b.NewEdition = true;
        myOrders.Books = new ExpandedBook[]{b};

        // Serializes the object.
        s.Serialize(writer,myOrders);
        writer.Close();
    }

    public void DeserializeObject(string filename)
    {
        XmlAttributeOverrides attrOverrides = 
            new XmlAttributeOverrides();
        XmlAttributes attrs = new XmlAttributes();

        // Creates an XmlElementAttribute to override the 
        // field that returns Book objects. The overridden field
        // returns Expanded objects instead.
        XmlElementAttribute attr = new XmlElementAttribute();
        attr.ElementName = "NewBook";
        attr.Type = typeof(ExpandedBook);

        // Adds the XmlElementAttribute to the collection of objects.
        attrs.XmlElements.Add(attr);

        attrOverrides.Add(typeof(Orders), "Books", attrs);

        // Creates the XmlSerializer using the XmlAttributeOverrides.
        XmlSerializer s = 
        new XmlSerializer(typeof(Orders), attrOverrides);

        FileStream fs = new FileStream(filename, FileMode.Open);
        Orders myOrders = (Orders) s.Deserialize(fs);
        Console.WriteLine("ExpandedBook:");

        // The difference between deserializing the overridden 
        // XML document and serializing it is this: To read the derived 
        // object values, you must declare an object of the derived type 
        // and cast the returned object to it.
        ExpandedBook expanded;
        foreach(Book b in myOrders.Books) 
        {
            expanded = (ExpandedBook)b;
            Console.WriteLine(
            expanded.ISBN + "\n" + 
            expanded.NewEdition);
        }
    }
}

Vea también

Serialización XML y SOAP | XmlSerializer | XmlElementAttribute | XmlAttributes | XmlAttributeOverrides

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