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方法: プリンターの状態をリモートで調査する

中・大企業では、紙詰まりや紙切れなどの問題のある状況で動作しないプリンターが複数存在する場合があります。 Microsoft .NET Framework の API で公開されるプリンター プロパティの豊富なセットは、プリンターの状態を迅速に調査するための手段を提供します。

この種のユーティリティを作成する主な手順は次のとおりです。

  1. すべてのプリント サーバーの一覧を取得します。

  2. サーバーを順に回りながら、それぞれの印刷キューにクエリを実行します。

  3. サーバー ループの各パス内で、すべてのサーバーのキューをループし、キューが現在動作していないことを示す可能性のある各プロパティを読み取ります。

次のコードは、一連のスニペットです。 わかりやすくするために、この例では、CRLF で区切られたプリント サーバーの一覧があることを前提としています。 変数 fileOfPrintServers は、このファイルの StreamReader オブジェクトです。 各サーバー名は独自の行に存在するため、 ReadLine の呼び出しは次のサーバーの名前を取得し、 StreamReaderのカーソルを次の行の先頭に移動します。

外側のループ内で、コードは最新のプリント サーバーの PrintServer オブジェクトを作成し、アプリケーションがサーバーに対する管理者権限を持つよう指定します。

サーバーが多数ある場合は、必要なプロパティのみを初期化する PrintServer(String, String[], PrintSystemDesiredAccess) コンストラクターを使用してパフォーマンスを向上させることができます。

次に、 GetPrintQueues を使用して、サーバーのすべてのキューのコレクションを作成し、ループ処理を開始します。 この内部ループには、プリンターの状態を確認する 2 つの方法に対応する分岐構造が含まれています。

この例では両方のメソッドを示しています。そのため、ユーザーは以前、使用するメソッドを求め、 QueueStatus プロパティのフラグを使用する場合は "y" で応答しました。 2 つのメソッドの詳細については、以下を参照してください。

最後に、結果がユーザーに表示されます。

// Survey queue status for every queue on every print server
System::String^ line;
System::String^ statusReport = "\n\nAny problem states are indicated below:\n\n";
while ((line = fileOfPrintServers->ReadLine()) != nullptr)
{
   System::Printing::PrintServer^ myPS = gcnew System::Printing::PrintServer(line, PrintSystemDesiredAccess::AdministrateServer);
   System::Printing::PrintQueueCollection^ myPrintQueues = myPS->GetPrintQueues();
   statusReport = statusReport + "\n" + line;
   for each (System::Printing::PrintQueue^ pq in myPrintQueues)
   {
      pq->Refresh();
      statusReport = statusReport + "\n\t" + pq->Name + ":";
      if (useAttributesResponse == "y")
      {
         TroubleSpotter::SpotTroubleUsingQueueAttributes(statusReport, pq);
         // TroubleSpotter class is defined in the complete example.
      } else
      {
         TroubleSpotter::SpotTroubleUsingProperties(statusReport, pq);
      }
   }
}
fileOfPrintServers->Close();
Console::WriteLine(statusReport);
Console::WriteLine("\nPress Return to continue.");
Console::ReadLine();
// Survey queue status for every queue on every print server
String line;
String statusReport = "\n\nAny problem states are indicated below:\n\n";
while ((line = fileOfPrintServers.ReadLine()) != null)
 {
     PrintServer myPS = new PrintServer(line, PrintSystemDesiredAccess.AdministrateServer);
     PrintQueueCollection myPrintQueues = myPS.GetPrintQueues();
     statusReport = statusReport + "\n" + line;
     foreach (PrintQueue pq in myPrintQueues)
     {
         pq.Refresh();
         statusReport = statusReport + "\n\t" + pq.Name + ":";
         if (useAttributesResponse == "y")
         {
             TroubleSpotter.SpotTroubleUsingQueueAttributes(ref statusReport, pq);
             // TroubleSpotter class is defined in the complete example.
         }
         else
         {
             TroubleSpotter.SpotTroubleUsingProperties(ref statusReport, pq);
         }
     }// end for each print queue
 }// end while list of print servers is not yet exhausted

fileOfPrintServers.Close();
Console.WriteLine(statusReport);
Console.WriteLine("\nPress Return to continue.");
Console.ReadLine();

' Survey queue status for every queue on every print server
Dim line As String
Dim statusReport As String = vbLf & vbLf & "Any problem states are indicated below:" & vbLf & vbLf
line = fileOfPrintServers.ReadLine()
Do While line IsNot Nothing
     Dim myPS As New PrintServer(line, PrintSystemDesiredAccess.AdministrateServer)
     Dim myPrintQueues As PrintQueueCollection = myPS.GetPrintQueues()
     statusReport = statusReport & vbLf & line
     For Each pq As PrintQueue In myPrintQueues
         pq.Refresh()
         statusReport = statusReport & vbLf & vbTab & pq.Name & ":"
         If useAttributesResponse = "y" Then
             TroubleSpotter.SpotTroubleUsingQueueAttributes(statusReport, pq)
             ' TroubleSpotter class is defined in the complete example.
         Else
             TroubleSpotter.SpotTroubleUsingProperties(statusReport, pq)
         End If

     Next pq ' end for each print queue

    line = fileOfPrintServers.ReadLine()
Loop ' end while list of print servers is not yet exhausted

fileOfPrintServers.Close()
Console.WriteLine(statusReport)
Console.WriteLine(vbLf & "Press Return to continue.")
Console.ReadLine()

QueueStatus プロパティのフラグを使用してプリンターの状態を確認するには、関連する各フラグが設定されているかどうかを確認します。 一方のビットが一連のビット フラグで設定されているかどうかを確認する標準的な方法は、フラグのセットを 1 つのオペランドとして、フラグ自体を他方として論理 AND 演算を実行することです。 フラグ自体には 1 つのビットしか設定されていないので、論理 AND の結果は、最大でも同じビットが設定されます。 それがそうでないかどうかを調べるには、論理 AND の結果をフラグ自体と比較するだけです。 詳細については、「 PrintQueueStatus>演算子 (C# リファレンス)、および FlagsAttributeを参照してください。

ビットが設定されている各属性について、コードはユーザーに表示される最終的なレポートに通知を追加します。 (コードの最後に呼び出される ReportAvailabilityAtThisTime メソッドについては、以下で説明します)。

internal: 
   // Check for possible trouble states of a printer using the flags of the QueueStatus property
   static void SpotTroubleUsingQueueAttributes (System::String^% statusReport, System::Printing::PrintQueue^ pq) 
   {
      if ((pq->QueueStatus & PrintQueueStatus::PaperProblem) == PrintQueueStatus::PaperProblem)
      {
         statusReport = statusReport + "Has a paper problem. ";
      }
      if ((pq->QueueStatus & PrintQueueStatus::NoToner) == PrintQueueStatus::NoToner)
      {
         statusReport = statusReport + "Is out of toner. ";
      }
      if ((pq->QueueStatus & PrintQueueStatus::DoorOpen) == PrintQueueStatus::DoorOpen)
      {
         statusReport = statusReport + "Has an open door. ";
      }
      if ((pq->QueueStatus & PrintQueueStatus::Error) == PrintQueueStatus::Error)
      {
         statusReport = statusReport + "Is in an error state. ";
      }
      if ((pq->QueueStatus & PrintQueueStatus::NotAvailable) == PrintQueueStatus::NotAvailable)
      {
         statusReport = statusReport + "Is not available. ";
      }
      if ((pq->QueueStatus & PrintQueueStatus::Offline) == PrintQueueStatus::Offline)
      {
         statusReport = statusReport + "Is off line. ";
      }
      if ((pq->QueueStatus & PrintQueueStatus::OutOfMemory) == PrintQueueStatus::OutOfMemory)
      {
         statusReport = statusReport + "Is out of memory. ";
      }
      if ((pq->QueueStatus & PrintQueueStatus::PaperOut) == PrintQueueStatus::PaperOut)
      {
         statusReport = statusReport + "Is out of paper. ";
      }
      if ((pq->QueueStatus & PrintQueueStatus::OutputBinFull) == PrintQueueStatus::OutputBinFull)
      {
         statusReport = statusReport + "Has a full output bin. ";
      }
      if ((pq->QueueStatus & PrintQueueStatus::PaperJam) == PrintQueueStatus::PaperJam)
      {
         statusReport = statusReport + "Has a paper jam. ";
      }
      if ((pq->QueueStatus & PrintQueueStatus::Paused) == PrintQueueStatus::Paused)
      {
         statusReport = statusReport + "Is paused. ";
      }
      if ((pq->QueueStatus & PrintQueueStatus::TonerLow) == PrintQueueStatus::TonerLow)
      {
         statusReport = statusReport + "Is low on toner. ";
      }
      if ((pq->QueueStatus & PrintQueueStatus::UserIntervention) == PrintQueueStatus::UserIntervention)
      {
         statusReport = statusReport + "Needs user intervention. ";
      }

      // Check if queue is even available at this time of day
      // The method below is defined in the complete example.
      ReportAvailabilityAtThisTime(statusReport, pq);
   };
// Check for possible trouble states of a printer using the flags of the QueueStatus property
internal static void SpotTroubleUsingQueueAttributes(ref String statusReport, PrintQueue pq)
{
    if ((pq.QueueStatus & PrintQueueStatus.PaperProblem) == PrintQueueStatus.PaperProblem)
    {
        statusReport = statusReport + "Has a paper problem. ";
    }
    if ((pq.QueueStatus & PrintQueueStatus.NoToner) == PrintQueueStatus.NoToner)
    {
        statusReport = statusReport + "Is out of toner. ";
    }
    if ((pq.QueueStatus & PrintQueueStatus.DoorOpen) == PrintQueueStatus.DoorOpen)
    {
        statusReport = statusReport + "Has an open door. ";
    }
    if ((pq.QueueStatus & PrintQueueStatus.Error) == PrintQueueStatus.Error)
    {
        statusReport = statusReport + "Is in an error state. ";
    }
    if ((pq.QueueStatus & PrintQueueStatus.NotAvailable) == PrintQueueStatus.NotAvailable)
    {
        statusReport = statusReport + "Is not available. ";
    }
    if ((pq.QueueStatus & PrintQueueStatus.Offline) == PrintQueueStatus.Offline)
    {
        statusReport = statusReport + "Is off line. ";
    }
    if ((pq.QueueStatus & PrintQueueStatus.OutOfMemory) == PrintQueueStatus.OutOfMemory)
    {
        statusReport = statusReport + "Is out of memory. ";
    }
    if ((pq.QueueStatus & PrintQueueStatus.PaperOut) == PrintQueueStatus.PaperOut)
    {
        statusReport = statusReport + "Is out of paper. ";
    }
    if ((pq.QueueStatus & PrintQueueStatus.OutputBinFull) == PrintQueueStatus.OutputBinFull)
    {
        statusReport = statusReport + "Has a full output bin. ";
    }
    if ((pq.QueueStatus & PrintQueueStatus.PaperJam) == PrintQueueStatus.PaperJam)
    {
        statusReport = statusReport + "Has a paper jam. ";
    }
    if ((pq.QueueStatus & PrintQueueStatus.Paused) == PrintQueueStatus.Paused)
    {
        statusReport = statusReport + "Is paused. ";
    }
    if ((pq.QueueStatus & PrintQueueStatus.TonerLow) == PrintQueueStatus.TonerLow)
    {
        statusReport = statusReport + "Is low on toner. ";
    }
    if ((pq.QueueStatus & PrintQueueStatus.UserIntervention) == PrintQueueStatus.UserIntervention)
    {
        statusReport = statusReport + "Needs user intervention. ";
    }

    // Check if queue is even available at this time of day
    // The method below is defined in the complete example.
    ReportAvailabilityAtThisTime(ref statusReport, pq);
}
' Check for possible trouble states of a printer using the flags of the QueueStatus property
Friend Shared Sub SpotTroubleUsingQueueAttributes(ByRef statusReport As String, ByVal pq As PrintQueue)
    If (pq.QueueStatus And PrintQueueStatus.PaperProblem) = PrintQueueStatus.PaperProblem Then
        statusReport = statusReport & "Has a paper problem. "
    End If
    If (pq.QueueStatus And PrintQueueStatus.NoToner) = PrintQueueStatus.NoToner Then
        statusReport = statusReport & "Is out of toner. "
    End If
    If (pq.QueueStatus And PrintQueueStatus.DoorOpen) = PrintQueueStatus.DoorOpen Then
        statusReport = statusReport & "Has an open door. "
    End If
    If (pq.QueueStatus And PrintQueueStatus.Error) = PrintQueueStatus.Error Then
        statusReport = statusReport & "Is in an error state. "
    End If
    If (pq.QueueStatus And PrintQueueStatus.NotAvailable) = PrintQueueStatus.NotAvailable Then
        statusReport = statusReport & "Is not available. "
    End If
    If (pq.QueueStatus And PrintQueueStatus.Offline) = PrintQueueStatus.Offline Then
        statusReport = statusReport & "Is off line. "
    End If
    If (pq.QueueStatus And PrintQueueStatus.OutOfMemory) = PrintQueueStatus.OutOfMemory Then
        statusReport = statusReport & "Is out of memory. "
    End If
    If (pq.QueueStatus And PrintQueueStatus.PaperOut) = PrintQueueStatus.PaperOut Then
        statusReport = statusReport & "Is out of paper. "
    End If
    If (pq.QueueStatus And PrintQueueStatus.OutputBinFull) = PrintQueueStatus.OutputBinFull Then
        statusReport = statusReport & "Has a full output bin. "
    End If
    If (pq.QueueStatus And PrintQueueStatus.PaperJam) = PrintQueueStatus.PaperJam Then
        statusReport = statusReport & "Has a paper jam. "
    End If
    If (pq.QueueStatus And PrintQueueStatus.Paused) = PrintQueueStatus.Paused Then
        statusReport = statusReport & "Is paused. "
    End If
    If (pq.QueueStatus And PrintQueueStatus.TonerLow) = PrintQueueStatus.TonerLow Then
        statusReport = statusReport & "Is low on toner. "
    End If
    If (pq.QueueStatus And PrintQueueStatus.UserIntervention) = PrintQueueStatus.UserIntervention Then
        statusReport = statusReport & "Needs user intervention. "
    End If

    ' Check if queue is even available at this time of day
    ' The method below is defined in the complete example.
    ReportAvailabilityAtThisTime(statusReport, pq)
End Sub

各プロパティを使用してプリンターの状態を確認するには、各プロパティを読み取り、プロパティが trueされている場合にユーザーに表示される最終的なレポートにメモを追加するだけです。 (コードの最後に呼び出される ReportAvailabilityAtThisTime メソッドについては、以下で説明します)。

internal: 
   // Check for possible trouble states of a printer using its properties
   static void SpotTroubleUsingProperties (System::String^% statusReport, System::Printing::PrintQueue^ pq) 
   {
      if (pq->HasPaperProblem)
      {
         statusReport = statusReport + "Has a paper problem. ";
      }
      if (!(pq->HasToner))
      {
         statusReport = statusReport + "Is out of toner. ";
      }
      if (pq->IsDoorOpened)
      {
         statusReport = statusReport + "Has an open door. ";
      }
      if (pq->IsInError)
      {
         statusReport = statusReport + "Is in an error state. ";
      }
      if (pq->IsNotAvailable)
      {
         statusReport = statusReport + "Is not available. ";
      }
      if (pq->IsOffline)
      {
         statusReport = statusReport + "Is off line. ";
      }
      if (pq->IsOutOfMemory)
      {
         statusReport = statusReport + "Is out of memory. ";
      }
      if (pq->IsOutOfPaper)
      {
         statusReport = statusReport + "Is out of paper. ";
      }
      if (pq->IsOutputBinFull)
      {
         statusReport = statusReport + "Has a full output bin. ";
      }
      if (pq->IsPaperJammed)
      {
         statusReport = statusReport + "Has a paper jam. ";
      }
      if (pq->IsPaused)
      {
         statusReport = statusReport + "Is paused. ";
      }
      if (pq->IsTonerLow)
      {
         statusReport = statusReport + "Is low on toner. ";
      }
      if (pq->NeedUserIntervention)
      {
         statusReport = statusReport + "Needs user intervention. ";
      }

      // Check if queue is even available at this time of day
      // The following method is defined in the complete example.
      ReportAvailabilityAtThisTime(statusReport, pq);
   };
// Check for possible trouble states of a printer using its properties
internal static void SpotTroubleUsingProperties(ref String statusReport, PrintQueue pq)
{
    if (pq.HasPaperProblem)
    {
        statusReport = statusReport + "Has a paper problem. ";
    }
    if (!(pq.HasToner))
    {
        statusReport = statusReport + "Is out of toner. ";
    }
    if (pq.IsDoorOpened)
    {
        statusReport = statusReport + "Has an open door. ";
    }
    if (pq.IsInError)
    {
        statusReport = statusReport + "Is in an error state. ";
    }
    if (pq.IsNotAvailable)
    {
        statusReport = statusReport + "Is not available. ";
    }
    if (pq.IsOffline)
    {
        statusReport = statusReport + "Is off line. ";
    }
    if (pq.IsOutOfMemory)
    {
        statusReport = statusReport + "Is out of memory. ";
    }
    if (pq.IsOutOfPaper)
    {
        statusReport = statusReport + "Is out of paper. ";
    }
    if (pq.IsOutputBinFull)
    {
        statusReport = statusReport + "Has a full output bin. ";
    }
    if (pq.IsPaperJammed)
    {
        statusReport = statusReport + "Has a paper jam. ";
    }
    if (pq.IsPaused)
    {
        statusReport = statusReport + "Is paused. ";
    }
    if (pq.IsTonerLow)
    {
        statusReport = statusReport + "Is low on toner. ";
    }
    if (pq.NeedUserIntervention)
    {
        statusReport = statusReport + "Needs user intervention. ";
    }

    // Check if queue is even available at this time of day
    // The following method is defined in the complete example.
    ReportAvailabilityAtThisTime(ref statusReport, pq);
}//end SpotTroubleUsingProperties
' Check for possible trouble states of a printer using its properties
Friend Shared Sub SpotTroubleUsingProperties(ByRef statusReport As String, ByVal pq As PrintQueue)
    If pq.HasPaperProblem Then
        statusReport = statusReport & "Has a paper problem. "
    End If
    If Not(pq.HasToner) Then
        statusReport = statusReport & "Is out of toner. "
    End If
    If pq.IsDoorOpened Then
        statusReport = statusReport & "Has an open door. "
    End If
    If pq.IsInError Then
        statusReport = statusReport & "Is in an error state. "
    End If
    If pq.IsNotAvailable Then
        statusReport = statusReport & "Is not available. "
    End If
    If pq.IsOffline Then
        statusReport = statusReport & "Is off line. "
    End If
    If pq.IsOutOfMemory Then
        statusReport = statusReport & "Is out of memory. "
    End If
    If pq.IsOutOfPaper Then
        statusReport = statusReport & "Is out of paper. "
    End If
    If pq.IsOutputBinFull Then
        statusReport = statusReport & "Has a full output bin. "
    End If
    If pq.IsPaperJammed Then
        statusReport = statusReport & "Has a paper jam. "
    End If
    If pq.IsPaused Then
        statusReport = statusReport & "Is paused. "
    End If
    If pq.IsTonerLow Then
        statusReport = statusReport & "Is low on toner. "
    End If
    If pq.NeedUserIntervention Then
        statusReport = statusReport & "Needs user intervention. "
    End If

    ' Check if queue is even available at this time of day
    ' The following method is defined in the complete example.
    ReportAvailabilityAtThisTime(statusReport, pq)

End Sub

ReportAvailabilityAtThisTime メソッドは、キューが現在の時刻に使用可能かどうかを判断する必要がある場合に作成されました。

StartTimeOfDayプロパティとUntilTimeOfDayプロパティが等しい場合、このメソッドは何も行いません。その場合、プリンターは常に使用可能であるためです。 異なる場合、メソッドは現在の時刻を取得します。これは、StartTimeOfDayプロパティとUntilTimeOfDayプロパティが、Int32オブジェクトではなく午前 0 時より後の分を表すDateTimeであるため、午前 0 時を過ぎた合計分に変換する必要があります。 最後に、メソッドは、現在の時刻が開始時刻と "until" 時刻の間にあるかどうかを確認します。

private: 
   static void ReportAvailabilityAtThisTime (System::String^% statusReport, System::Printing::PrintQueue^ pq) 
   {
      if (pq->StartTimeOfDay != pq->UntilTimeOfDay)
      {
         System::DateTime utcNow = DateTime::UtcNow;
         System::Int32 utcNowAsMinutesAfterMidnight = (utcNow.TimeOfDay.Hours * 60) + utcNow.TimeOfDay.Minutes;

         // If now is not within the range of available times . . .
         if (!((pq->StartTimeOfDay < utcNowAsMinutesAfterMidnight) && (utcNowAsMinutesAfterMidnight < pq->UntilTimeOfDay)))
         {
            statusReport = statusReport + " Is not available at this time of day. ";
         }
      }
   };
private static void ReportAvailabilityAtThisTime(ref String statusReport, PrintQueue pq)
{
    if (pq.StartTimeOfDay != pq.UntilTimeOfDay) // If the printer is not available 24 hours a day
    {
DateTime utcNow = DateTime.UtcNow;
Int32 utcNowAsMinutesAfterMidnight = (utcNow.TimeOfDay.Hours * 60) + utcNow.TimeOfDay.Minutes;

        // If now is not within the range of available times . . .
        if (!((pq.StartTimeOfDay < utcNowAsMinutesAfterMidnight)
           &&
           (utcNowAsMinutesAfterMidnight < pq.UntilTimeOfDay)))
        {
            statusReport = statusReport + " Is not available at this time of day. ";
        }
    }
}
Private Shared Sub ReportAvailabilityAtThisTime(ByRef statusReport As String, ByVal pq As PrintQueue)
    If pq.StartTimeOfDay <> pq.UntilTimeOfDay Then ' If the printer is not available 24 hours a day
Dim utcNow As Date = Date.UtcNow
Dim utcNowAsMinutesAfterMidnight As Int32 = (utcNow.TimeOfDay.Hours * 60) + utcNow.TimeOfDay.Minutes

        ' If now is not within the range of available times . . .
        If Not((pq.StartTimeOfDay < utcNowAsMinutesAfterMidnight) AndAlso (utcNowAsMinutesAfterMidnight < pq.UntilTimeOfDay)) Then
            statusReport = statusReport & " Is not available at this time of day. "
        End If
    End If
End Sub

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