Quickstart: Webverkeer omleiden met Azure Application Gateway - ARM-sjabloon

In deze quickstart gebruikt u een Azure Resource Manager-sjabloon (ARM-sjabloon) om een Azure Application Gateway te maken. Vervolgens test u de toepassingsgateway om te controleren of deze correct werkt. De Standard v2-SKU wordt in dit voorbeeld gebruikt.

Een Azure Resource Manager-sjabloon is een JSON-bestand (JavaScript Object Notation) dat de infrastructuur en configuratie voor uw project definieert. De sjabloon maakt gebruik van declaratieve syntaxis. U beschrijft de beoogde implementatie zonder de reeks programmeeropdrachten te schrijven om de implementatie te maken.

U kunt deze quickstart ook voltooien met behulp van Azure Portal, Azure PowerShell of Azure CLI.

Als uw omgeving voldoet aan de vereisten en u bekend bent met het gebruik van ARM-sjablonen, selecteert u de knop Implementeren in Azure. De sjabloon wordt in Azure Portal geopend.

Prerequisites

• Een Azure-account met een actief abonnement. Gratis een account maken

De sjabloon controleren

Omwille van de eenvoud maakt deze sjabloon een eenvoudige installatie met een openbaar front-end-IP, een basislistener voor het hosten van één site op de toepassingsgateway, een eenvoudige regel voor aanvraagroutering en twee virtuele machines in de back-endpool.

De sjabloon die in deze quickstart wordt gebruikt, is afkomstig van Azure-quickstartsjablonen

{
  "$schema": "https://schema.management.azure.com/schemas/2019-04-01/deploymentTemplate.json#",
  "contentVersion": "1.0.0.0",
  "metadata": {
    "_generator": {
      "name": "bicep",
      "version": "0.26.54.24096",
      "templateHash": "2911869422088455783"
    }
  },
  "parameters": {
    "adminUsername": {
      "type": "string",
      "metadata": {
        "description": "Admin username for the backend servers"
      }
    },
    "adminPassword": {
      "type": "securestring",
      "metadata": {
        "description": "Password for the admin account on the backend servers"
      }
    },
    "location": {
      "type": "string",
      "defaultValue": "[resourceGroup().location]",
      "metadata": {
        "description": "Location for all resources."
      }
    },
    "vmSize": {
      "type": "string",
      "defaultValue": "Standard_B2ms",
      "metadata": {
        "description": "Size of the virtual machine."
      }
    }
  },
  "variables": {
    "virtualMachineName": "myVM",
    "virtualNetworkName": "myVNet",
    "networkInterfaceName": "net-int",
    "ipconfigName": "ipconfig",
    "publicIPAddressName": "public_ip",
    "nsgName": "vm-nsg",
    "applicationGateWayName": "myAppGateway",
    "virtualNetworkPrefix": "10.0.0.0/16",
    "subnetPrefix": "10.0.0.0/24",
    "backendSubnetPrefix": "10.0.1.0/24"
  },
  "resources": [
    {
      "copy": {
        "name": "nsg",
        "count": "[length(range(0, 2))]"
      },
      "type": "Microsoft.Network/networkSecurityGroups",
      "apiVersion": "2023-09-01",
      "name": "[format('{0}{1}', variables('nsgName'), add(range(0, 2)[copyIndex()], 1))]",
      "location": "[parameters('location')]",
      "properties": {
        "securityRules": [
          {
            "name": "RDP",
            "properties": {
              "protocol": "Tcp",
              "sourcePortRange": "*",
              "destinationPortRange": "3389",
              "sourceAddressPrefix": "*",
              "destinationAddressPrefix": "*",
              "access": "Allow",
              "priority": 300,
              "direction": "Inbound"
            }
          }
        ]
      }
    },
    {
      "copy": {
        "name": "publicIPAddress",
        "count": "[length(range(0, 3))]"
      },
      "type": "Microsoft.Network/publicIPAddresses",
      "apiVersion": "2023-09-01",
      "name": "[format('{0}{1}', variables('publicIPAddressName'), range(0, 3)[copyIndex()])]",
      "location": "[parameters('location')]",
      "sku": {
        "name": "Standard"
      },
      "properties": {
        "publicIPAddressVersion": "IPv4",
        "publicIPAllocationMethod": "Static",
        "idleTimeoutInMinutes": 4
      }
    },
    {
      "type": "Microsoft.Network/virtualNetworks",
      "apiVersion": "2023-09-01",
      "name": "[variables('virtualNetworkName')]",
      "location": "[parameters('location')]",
      "properties": {
        "addressSpace": {
          "addressPrefixes": [
            "[variables('virtualNetworkPrefix')]"
          ]
        },
        "subnets": [
          {
            "name": "myAGSubnet",
            "properties": {
              "addressPrefix": "[variables('subnetPrefix')]",
              "privateEndpointNetworkPolicies": "Enabled",
              "privateLinkServiceNetworkPolicies": "Enabled"
            }
          },
          {
            "name": "myBackendSubnet",
            "properties": {
              "addressPrefix": "[variables('backendSubnetPrefix')]",
              "privateEndpointNetworkPolicies": "Enabled",
              "privateLinkServiceNetworkPolicies": "Enabled"
            }
          }
        ],
        "enableDdosProtection": false,
        "enableVmProtection": false
      }
    },
    {
      "copy": {
        "name": "virtualMachine",
        "count": "[length(range(0, 2))]"
      },
      "type": "Microsoft.Compute/virtualMachines",
      "apiVersion": "2023-09-01",
      "name": "[format('{0}{1}', variables('virtualMachineName'), add(range(0, 2)[copyIndex()], 1))]",
      "location": "[parameters('location')]",
      "properties": {
        "hardwareProfile": {
          "vmSize": "[parameters('vmSize')]"
        },
        "storageProfile": {
          "imageReference": {
            "publisher": "MicrosoftWindowsServer",
            "offer": "WindowsServer",
            "sku": "2016-Datacenter",
            "version": "latest"
          },
          "osDisk": {
            "osType": "Windows",
            "createOption": "FromImage",
            "caching": "ReadWrite",
            "managedDisk": {
              "storageAccountType": "StandardSSD_LRS"
            },
            "diskSizeGB": 127
          }
        },
        "osProfile": {
          "computerName": "[format('{0}{1}', variables('virtualMachineName'), add(range(0, 2)[copyIndex()], 1))]",
          "adminUsername": "[parameters('adminUsername')]",
          "adminPassword": "[parameters('adminPassword')]",
          "windowsConfiguration": {
            "provisionVMAgent": true,
            "enableAutomaticUpdates": true
          },
          "allowExtensionOperations": true
        },
        "networkProfile": {
          "networkInterfaces": [
            {
              "id": "[resourceId('Microsoft.Network/networkInterfaces', format('{0}{1}', variables('networkInterfaceName'), add(range(0, 2)[copyIndex()], 1)))]"
            }
          ]
        }
      },
      "dependsOn": [
        "networkInterface"
      ]
    },
    {
      "copy": {
        "name": "virtualMachine_IIS",
        "count": "[length(range(0, 2))]"
      },
      "type": "Microsoft.Compute/virtualMachines/extensions",
      "apiVersion": "2023-09-01",
      "name": "[format('{0}{1}/IIS', variables('virtualMachineName'), add(range(0, 2)[copyIndex()], 1))]",
      "location": "[parameters('location')]",
      "properties": {
        "autoUpgradeMinorVersion": true,
        "publisher": "Microsoft.Compute",
        "type": "CustomScriptExtension",
        "typeHandlerVersion": "1.4",
        "settings": {
          "commandToExecute": "powershell Add-WindowsFeature Web-Server; powershell Add-Content -Path \"C:\\inetpub\\wwwroot\\Default.htm\" -Value $($env:computername)"
        }
      },
      "dependsOn": [
        "virtualMachine"
      ]
    },
    {
      "type": "Microsoft.Network/applicationGateways",
      "apiVersion": "2023-09-01",
      "name": "[variables('applicationGateWayName')]",
      "location": "[parameters('location')]",
      "properties": {
        "sku": {
          "name": "Standard_v2",
          "tier": "Standard_v2"
        },
        "gatewayIPConfigurations": [
          {
            "name": "appGatewayIpConfig",
            "properties": {
              "subnet": {
                "id": "[resourceId('Microsoft.Network/virtualNetworks/subnets', variables('virtualNetworkName'), 'myAGSubnet')]"
              }
            }
          }
        ],
        "frontendIPConfigurations": [
          {
            "name": "appGwPublicFrontendIp",
            "properties": {
              "privateIPAllocationMethod": "Dynamic",
              "publicIPAddress": {
                "id": "[resourceId('Microsoft.Network/publicIPAddresses', format('{0}0', variables('publicIPAddressName')))]"
              }
            }
          }
        ],
        "frontendPorts": [
          {
            "name": "port_80",
            "properties": {
              "port": 80
            }
          }
        ],
        "backendAddressPools": [
          {
            "name": "myBackendPool",
            "properties": {}
          }
        ],
        "backendHttpSettingsCollection": [
          {
            "name": "myHTTPSetting",
            "properties": {
              "port": 80,
              "protocol": "Http",
              "cookieBasedAffinity": "Disabled",
              "pickHostNameFromBackendAddress": false,
              "requestTimeout": 20
            }
          }
        ],
        "httpListeners": [
          {
            "name": "myListener",
            "properties": {
              "frontendIPConfiguration": {
                "id": "[resourceId('Microsoft.Network/applicationGateways/frontendIPConfigurations', variables('applicationGateWayName'), 'appGwPublicFrontendIp')]"
              },
              "frontendPort": {
                "id": "[resourceId('Microsoft.Network/applicationGateways/frontendPorts', variables('applicationGateWayName'), 'port_80')]"
              },
              "protocol": "Http",
              "requireServerNameIndication": false
            }
          }
        ],
        "requestRoutingRules": [
          {
            "name": "myRoutingRule",
            "properties": {
              "ruleType": "Basic",
              "priority": 1,
              "httpListener": {
                "id": "[resourceId('Microsoft.Network/applicationGateways/httpListeners', variables('applicationGateWayName'), 'myListener')]"
              },
              "backendAddressPool": {
                "id": "[resourceId('Microsoft.Network/applicationGateways/backendAddressPools', variables('applicationGateWayName'), 'myBackendPool')]"
              },
              "backendHttpSettings": {
                "id": "[resourceId('Microsoft.Network/applicationGateways/backendHttpSettingsCollection', variables('applicationGateWayName'), 'myHTTPSetting')]"
              }
            }
          }
        ],
        "enableHttp2": false,
        "autoscaleConfiguration": {
          "minCapacity": 0,
          "maxCapacity": 10
        }
      },
      "dependsOn": [
        "[resourceId('Microsoft.Network/publicIPAddresses', format('{0}{1}', variables('publicIPAddressName'), range(0, 3)[0]))]",
        "[resourceId('Microsoft.Network/virtualNetworks', variables('virtualNetworkName'))]"
      ]
    },
    {
      "copy": {
        "name": "networkInterface",
        "count": "[length(range(0, 2))]"
      },
      "type": "Microsoft.Network/networkInterfaces",
      "apiVersion": "2023-09-01",
      "name": "[format('{0}{1}', variables('networkInterfaceName'), add(range(0, 2)[copyIndex()], 1))]",
      "location": "[parameters('location')]",
      "properties": {
        "ipConfigurations": [
          {
            "name": "[format('{0}{1}', variables('ipconfigName'), add(range(0, 2)[copyIndex()], 1))]",
            "properties": {
              "privateIPAllocationMethod": "Dynamic",
              "publicIPAddress": {
                "id": "[resourceId('Microsoft.Network/publicIPAddresses', format('{0}{1}', variables('publicIPAddressName'), add(range(0, 2)[copyIndex()], 1)))]"
              },
              "subnet": {
                "id": "[resourceId('Microsoft.Network/virtualNetworks/subnets', variables('virtualNetworkName'), 'myBackendSubnet')]"
              },
              "primary": true,
              "privateIPAddressVersion": "IPv4",
              "applicationGatewayBackendAddressPools": [
                {
                  "id": "[resourceId('Microsoft.Network/applicationGateways/backendAddressPools', variables('applicationGateWayName'), 'myBackendPool')]"
                }
              ]
            }
          }
        ],
        "enableAcceleratedNetworking": false,
        "enableIPForwarding": false,
        "networkSecurityGroup": {
          "id": "[resourceId('Microsoft.Network/networkSecurityGroups', format('{0}{1}', variables('nsgName'), add(range(0, 2)[copyIndex()], 1)))]"
        }
      },
      "dependsOn": [
        "[resourceId('Microsoft.Network/applicationGateways', variables('applicationGateWayName'))]",
        "nsg",
        "publicIPAddress"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "outputs": {
    "location": {
      "type": "string",
      "value": "[parameters('location')]"
    },
    "name": {
      "type": "string",
      "value": "[variables('applicationGateWayName')]"
    },
    "resourceGroupName": {
      "type": "string",
      "value": "[resourceGroup().name]"
    },
    "resourceId": {
      "type": "string",
      "value": "[resourceId('Microsoft.Network/applicationGateways', variables('applicationGateWayName'))]"
    }
  }
}

Er worden meerdere Azure-resources gedefinieerd in de sjabloon:

• Microsoft.Network/applicationgateways
• Microsoft.Network/publicIPAddresses : één voor de toepassingsgateway en twee voor de virtuele machines.
• Microsoft.Network/networkSecurityGroups
• Microsoft.Network/virtualNetworks
• Microsoft.Compute/virtualMachines : twee virtuele machines
• Microsoft.Network/networkInterfaces : twee voor de virtuele machines
• Microsoft.Compute/virtualMachine/extensions : IIS en de webpagina's configureren

De sjabloon implementeren

De ARM-sjabloon implementeren in Azure:

1. Selecteer Implementeren in Azure om u aan te melden bij Azure en de sjabloon te openen. Met de sjabloon maakt u een toepassingsgateway, de netwerkinfrastructuur en twee virtuele machines in de back-endpool waarop IIS wordt uitgevoerd.

   

2. Selecteer of maak uw resourcegroep, typ de gebruikersnaam en het wachtwoord van de beheerder van de virtuele machine.

3. Selecteer Beoordelen en maken en selecteer vervolgens Maken.

   Het kan 20 minuten of langer duren voordat de implementatie is voltooid.

De implementatie valideren

Hoewel IIS niet vereist is om de toepassingsgateway te maken, wordt deze geïnstalleerd om te controleren of Azure de toepassingsgateway heeft gemaakt. Gebruik IIS om de toepassingsgateway te testen:

1. Zoek het openbare IP-adres voor de toepassingsgateway op de overzichtspagina. U kunt ook Alle resources selecteren, myAGPublicIPAddress invoeren in het zoekvak en deze vervolgens selecteren in de zoekresultaten. Azure geeft het openbare IP-adres weer op de pagina Overzicht .

2. Kopieer het openbare IP-adres en plak het in de adresbalk van uw browser om door dat IP-adres te bladeren.

3. Controleer het antwoord. Een geldig antwoord controleert of de toepassingsgateway is gemaakt en kan verbinding maken met de back-end.

   

   Vernieuw de browser meerdere keren en u ziet verbindingen met zowel myVM1 als myVM2.

De hulpbronnen opschonen

Wanneer u de bronnen die u hebt aangemaakt met de toepassingsgateway niet meer nodig hebt, verwijdert u de bijbehorende resourcegroep. Hiermee verwijdert u de toepassingsgateway en alle gerelateerde resources.

Als u de resourcegroep wilt verwijderen, roept u de Remove-AzResourceGroup cmdlet aan:

Remove-AzResourceGroup -Name <your resource group name>

Volgende stappen