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本文介绍如何使用 Python 标记资源、资源组和订阅。 有关标记建议和限制,请参阅 使用标记来组织 Azure 资源和管理层次结构。
先决条件
已安装 Python 3.8 或更高版本。 若要安装最新版,请参阅 Python.org
在虚拟环境中安装了以下用于 Python 的 Azure 库包。 若要安装任何包,请使用
pip install {package-name}- Azure 身份识别
- azure-mgmt-resource
如果您在虚拟环境中已安装这些包的旧版本,可能需要使用
来更新它们。 本文中的示例将使用基于 CLI 的身份验证 (
AzureCliCredential)。 根据环境,可能需要先运行az login才能进行身份验证。具有 Azure 订阅 ID 的环境变量。 若要获取 Azure 订阅 ID,请使用:
az account show --name 'your subscription name' --query id -o tsv若要设置该值,请使用环境的选项。
setx AZURE_SUBSCRIPTION_ID your-subscription-id注释
如果只需要访问当前正在运行的控制台中的环境变量,则可以使用
set(而不是setx)设置环境变量。添加环境变量后,可能需要重启需要读取环境变量的任何正在运行的程序,包括控制台窗口。 例如,如果使用 Visual Studio 作为编辑器,请在运行示例之前重启 Visual Studio。
添加标签
Azure Python 提供了 ResourceManagementClient.tags.begin_create_or_update_at_scope 方法来应用标记。 它将替换资源、资源组或订阅上的所有标记。 调用命令时,传递要标记的实体的资源 ID。
以下示例将一组标记应用于存储帐户:
import os
from azure.identity import AzureCliCredential
from azure.mgmt.resource import ResourceManagementClient
from azure.mgmt.resource.resources.models import TagsResource
credential = AzureCliCredential()
subscription_id = os.environ["AZURE_SUBSCRIPTION_ID"]
resource_client = ResourceManagementClient(credential, subscription_id)
resource_group_name = "demoGroup"
storage_account_name = "demostore"
tags = {
"Dept": "Finance",
"Status": "Normal"
}
tag_resource = TagsResource(
properties={'tags': tags}
)
resource = resource_client.resources.get_by_id(
f"/subscriptions/{subscription_id}/resourceGroups/{resource_group_name}/providers/Microsoft.Storage/storageAccounts/{storage_account_name}",
"2022-09-01"
)
resource_client.tags.begin_create_or_update_at_scope(resource.id, tag_resource)
print(f"Tags {tag_resource.properties.tags} were added to resource with ID: {resource.id}")
如果再次运行该命令,但这次使用不同的标记,请注意早期标记会消失。
tags = {
"Team": "Compliance",
"Environment": "Production"
}
若要将标记添加到已有标记的资源,请使用 ResourceManagementClient.tags.begin_update_at_scope。 在 TagsPatchResource 对象上,将 operation 参数设置为 Merge.
import os
from azure.identity import AzureCliCredential
from azure.mgmt.resource import ResourceManagementClient
from azure.mgmt.resource.resources.models import TagsPatchResource
credential = AzureCliCredential()
subscription_id = os.environ["AZURE_SUBSCRIPTION_ID"]
resource_client = ResourceManagementClient(credential, subscription_id)
resource_group_name = "demoGroup"
storage_account_name = "demostore"
tags = {
"Dept": "Finance",
"Status": "Normal"
}
tag_patch_resource = TagsPatchResource(
operation="Merge",
properties={'tags': tags}
)
resource = resource_client.resources.get_by_id(
f"/subscriptions/{subscription_id}/resourceGroups/{resource_group_name}/providers/Microsoft.Storage/storageAccounts/{storage_account_name}",
"2022-09-01"
)
resource_client.tags.begin_update_at_scope(resource.id, tag_patch_resource)
print(f"Tags {tag_patch_resource.properties.tags} were added to existing tags on resource with ID: {resource.id}")
请注意,现有标记随着添加两个新标记而增长。
每个标记名称只能有一个值。 如果为标记提供新值,则即使使用合并作,它也会替换旧值。 以下示例将 Status 标记从 Normal 更改为 Green。
import os
from azure.identity import AzureCliCredential
from azure.mgmt.resource import ResourceManagementClient
from azure.mgmt.resource.resources.models import TagsPatchResource
credential = AzureCliCredential()
subscription_id = os.environ["AZURE_SUBSCRIPTION_ID"]
resource_client = ResourceManagementClient(credential, subscription_id)
resource_group_name = "demoGroup"
storage_account_name = "demostore"
tags = {
"Status": "Green"
}
tag_patch_resource = TagsPatchResource(
operation="Merge",
properties={'tags': tags}
)
resource = resource_client.resources.get_by_id(
f"/subscriptions/{subscription_id}/resourceGroups/{resource_group_name}/providers/Microsoft.Storage/storageAccounts/{storage_account_name}",
"2022-09-01"
)
resource_client.tags.begin_update_at_scope(resource.id, tag_patch_resource)
print(f"Tags {tag_patch_resource.properties.tags} were added to existing tags on resource with ID: {resource.id}")
将参数operation设置为Replace时,新标记集将替换现有标记。
import os
from azure.identity import AzureCliCredential
from azure.mgmt.resource import ResourceManagementClient
from azure.mgmt.resource.resources.models import TagsPatchResource
credential = AzureCliCredential()
subscription_id = os.environ["AZURE_SUBSCRIPTION_ID"]
resource_client = ResourceManagementClient(credential, subscription_id)
resource_group_name = "demoGroup"
storage_account_name = "demostore"
tags = {
"Project": "ECommerce",
"CostCenter": "00123",
"Team": "Web"
}
tag_patch_resource = TagsPatchResource(
operation="Replace",
properties={'tags': tags}
)
resource = resource_client.resources.get_by_id(
f"/subscriptions/{subscription_id}/resourceGroups/{resource_group_name}/providers/Microsoft.Storage/storageAccounts/{storage_account_name}",
"2022-09-01"
)
resource_client.tags.begin_update_at_scope(resource.id, tag_patch_resource)
print(f"Tags {tag_patch_resource.properties.tags} replaced tags on resource with ID: {resource.id}")
只有新标记保留在资源上。
相同的命令也适用于资源组或订阅。 将它们传入要标记的资源组或订阅的标识符。 若要向资源组添加新的标记集,请使用:
import os
from azure.identity import AzureCliCredential
from azure.mgmt.resource import ResourceManagementClient
from azure.mgmt.resource.resources.models import TagsResource
credential = AzureCliCredential()
subscription_id = os.environ["AZURE_SUBSCRIPTION_ID"]
resource_client = ResourceManagementClient(credential, subscription_id)
resource_group_name = "demoGroup"
tags = {
"Dept": "Finance",
"Status": "Normal"
}
tag_resource = TagsResource(
properties={'tags': tags}
)
resource_group = resource_client.resource_groups.get(resource_group_name)
resource_client.tags.begin_create_or_update_at_scope(resource_group.id, tag_resource)
print(f"Tags {tag_resource.properties.tags} were added to resource group: {resource_group.id}")
若要更新资源组的标记,请使用:
import os
from azure.identity import AzureCliCredential
from azure.mgmt.resource import ResourceManagementClient
from azure.mgmt.resource.resources.models import TagsPatchResource
credential = AzureCliCredential()
subscription_id = os.environ["AZURE_SUBSCRIPTION_ID"]
resource_client = ResourceManagementClient(credential, subscription_id)
resource_group_name = "demoGroup"
tags = {
"CostCenter": "00123",
"Environment": "Production"
}
tag_patch_resource = TagsPatchResource(
operation="Merge",
properties={'tags': tags}
)
resource_group = resource_client.resource_groups.get(resource_group_name)
resource_client.tags.begin_update_at_scope(resource_group.id, tag_patch_resource)
print(f"Tags {tag_patch_resource.properties.tags} were added to existing tags on resource group: {resource_group.id}")
若要更新订阅的标记,请使用:
import os
from azure.identity import AzureCliCredential
from azure.mgmt.resource import ResourceManagementClient
from azure.mgmt.resource.resources.models import TagsPatchResource
credential = AzureCliCredential()
subscription_id = os.environ["AZURE_SUBSCRIPTION_ID"]
resource_client = ResourceManagementClient(credential, subscription_id)
tags = {
"Team": "Web Apps"
}
tag_patch_resource = TagsPatchResource(
operation="Merge",
properties={'tags': tags}
)
resource_client.tags.begin_update_at_scope(f"/subscriptions/{subscription_id}", tag_patch_resource)
print(f"Tags {tag_patch_resource.properties.tags} were added to subscription: {subscription_id}")
资源组中可能有多个具有相同名称的资源。 在这种情况下,可以使用以下命令设置每个资源:
import os
from azure.identity import AzureCliCredential
from azure.mgmt.resource import ResourceManagementClient
from azure.mgmt.resource.resources.models import TagsPatchResource
credential = AzureCliCredential()
subscription_id = os.environ["AZURE_SUBSCRIPTION_ID"]
resource_client = ResourceManagementClient(credential, subscription_id)
resource_group_name = "demoGroup"
tags = {
"Dept": "IT",
"Environment": "Test"
}
tag_patch_resource = TagsPatchResource(
operation="Merge",
properties={'tags': tags}
)
resources = resource_client.resources.list_by_resource_group(resource_group_name, filter="name eq 'sqlDatabase1'")
for resource in resources:
resource_client.tags.begin_update_at_scope(resource.id, tag_patch_resource)
print(f"Tags {tag_patch_resource.properties.tags} were added to resource: {resource.id}")
列出标记
若要获取资源、资源组或订阅的标记,请使用 ResourceManagementClient.tags.get_at_scope 方法并传递实体的资源 ID。
若要查看资源的标记,请使用:
import os
from azure.identity import AzureCliCredential
from azure.mgmt.resource import ResourceManagementClient
credential = AzureCliCredential()
subscription_id = os.environ["AZURE_SUBSCRIPTION_ID"]
resource_group_name = "demoGroup"
storage_account_name = "demostorage"
resource_client = ResourceManagementClient(credential, subscription_id)
resource = resource_client.resources.get_by_id(
f"/subscriptions/{subscription_id}/resourceGroups/{resource_group_name}/providers/Microsoft.Storage/storageAccounts/{storage_account_name}",
"2022-09-01"
)
resource_tags = resource_client.tags.get_at_scope(resource.id)
print (resource_tags.properties.tags)
若要查看资源组的标记,请使用:
import os
from azure.identity import AzureCliCredential
from azure.mgmt.resource import ResourceManagementClient
credential = AzureCliCredential()
subscription_id = os.environ["AZURE_SUBSCRIPTION_ID"]
resource_client = ResourceManagementClient(credential, subscription_id)
resource_group = resource_client.resource_groups.get("demoGroup")
resource_group_tags = resource_client.tags.get_at_scope(resource_group.id)
print (resource_group_tags.properties.tags)
若要查看订阅的标记,请使用:
import os
from azure.identity import AzureCliCredential
from azure.mgmt.resource import ResourceManagementClient
credential = AzureCliCredential()
subscription_id = os.environ["AZURE_SUBSCRIPTION_ID"]
resource_client = ResourceManagementClient(credential, subscription_id)
subscription_tags = resource_client.tags.get_at_scope(f"/subscriptions/{subscription_id}")
print (subscription_tags.properties.tags)
按标记列出
若要获取具有特定标记名称和值的资源,请使用:
import os
from azure.identity import AzureCliCredential
from azure.mgmt.resource import ResourceManagementClient
credential = AzureCliCredential()
subscription_id = os.environ["AZURE_SUBSCRIPTION_ID"]
resource_client = ResourceManagementClient(credential, subscription_id)
resources = resource_client.resources.list(filter="tagName eq 'CostCenter' and tagValue eq '00123'")
for resource in resources:
print(resource.name)
若要获取具有特定标签名称且具有任意标签值的资源,请使用:
import os
from azure.identity import AzureCliCredential
from azure.mgmt.resource import ResourceManagementClient
credential = AzureCliCredential()
subscription_id = os.environ["AZURE_SUBSCRIPTION_ID"]
resource_client = ResourceManagementClient(credential, subscription_id)
resources = resource_client.resources.list(filter="tagName eq 'Dept'")
for resource in resources:
print(resource.name)
若要获取具有特定标记名称和值的资源组,请使用:
import os
from azure.identity import AzureCliCredential
from azure.mgmt.resource import ResourceManagementClient
credential = AzureCliCredential()
subscription_id = os.environ["AZURE_SUBSCRIPTION_ID"]
resource_client = ResourceManagementClient(credential, subscription_id)
resource_groups = resource_client.resource_groups.list(filter="tagName eq 'CostCenter' and tagValue eq '00123'")
for resource_group in resource_groups:
print(resource_group.name)
删除标记
若要删除特定标记,请设置为 operationDelete. 传递要删除的标记的资源 ID。
import os
from azure.identity import AzureCliCredential
from azure.mgmt.resource import ResourceManagementClient
from azure.mgmt.resource.resources.models import TagsPatchResource
credential = AzureCliCredential()
subscription_id = os.environ["AZURE_SUBSCRIPTION_ID"]
resource_client = ResourceManagementClient(credential, subscription_id)
resource_group_name = "demoGroup"
storage_account_name = "demostore"
tags = {
"Dept": "IT",
"Environment": "Test"
}
tag_patch_resource = TagsPatchResource(
operation="Delete",
properties={'tags': tags}
)
resource = resource_client.resources.get_by_id(
f"/subscriptions/{subscription_id}/resourceGroups/{resource_group_name}/providers/Microsoft.Storage/storageAccounts/{storage_account_name}",
"2022-09-01"
)
resource_client.tags.begin_update_at_scope(resource.id, tag_patch_resource)
print(f"Tags {tag_patch_resource.properties.tags} were removed from resource: {resource.id}")
将删除指定的标记。
若要删除所有标记,请使用 ResourceManagementClient.tags.begin_delete_at_scope 方法。
import os
from azure.identity import AzureCliCredential
from azure.mgmt.resource import ResourceManagementClient
credential = AzureCliCredential()
subscription_id = os.environ["AZURE_SUBSCRIPTION_ID"]
resource_client = ResourceManagementClient(credential, subscription_id)
subscription = resource_client.subscriptions.get(subscription_id)
resource_client.tags.begin_delete_at_scope(subscription.id)
后续步骤
- 并非所有资源类型都支持标记。 若要确定是否可以将标记应用于资源类型,请参阅 Azure 资源的标记支持。
- 有关如何实施标记策略的建议,请参阅 资源命名和标记决策指南。
- 有关标记建议和限制,请参阅 使用标记来组织 Azure 资源和管理层次结构。