声明摘要

declaration:
  declaration-specifiers attribute-seq _opt¹init-declarator-list_opt;
 static_assert-declaration

declaration-specifiers:
  storage-class-specifier declaration-specifiers _选择
  type-specifier declaration-specifiers _选择
  type-qualifier declaration-specifiers _选择
  function-specifier declaration-specifiers _选择
  alignment-specifier declaration-specifiers _选择

attribute-seq ¹：
  attribute ¹attribute-seq_opt¹

attribute ^1、2：其中一个
  __asm __based __cdecl __clrcall __fastcall __inline __stdcall __thiscall __vectorcall

init-declarator-list:
 init-declarator
  init-declarator-list , init-declarator

init-declarator:
 declarator
  declarator = initializer

storage-class-specifier:
 auto
 extern
 register
 static
 _Thread_local
 typedef
  __declspec ( extended-decl-modifier-seq ) ¹

extended-decl-modifier-seq ¹：
  extended-decl-modifier _选择
  extended-decl-modifier-seq extended-decl-modifier

extended-decl-modifier ¹：
 thread
 naked
 dllimport
 dllexport

type-specifier:
 void
 char
 short
 int
  __int8 ¹
  __int16 ¹
  __int32 ¹
  __int64 ¹
 long
 float
 double
 signed
 unsigned
 _Bool
 _Complex
 atomic-type-specifier
 struct-or-union-specifier
 enum-specifier
 typedef-name

struct-or-union-specifier:
  struct-or-union identifier _选择{struct-declaration-list}
  struct-or-union identifier

struct-or-union:
 struct
 union

struct-declaration-list:
 struct-declaration
  struct-declaration-list struct-declaration

struct-declaration:
  specifier-qualifier-list struct-declarator-list _选择;
 static_assert-declaration

specifier-qualifier-list:
  type-specifier specifier-qualifier-list _选择
  type-qualifier specifier-qualifier-list _选择
  alignment-specifier specifier-qualifier-list _选择

struct-declarator-list:
 struct-declarator
  struct-declarator-list , struct-declarator

struct-declarator:
 declarator
  declarator _选择:constant-expression

enum-specifier:
  enum identifier _选择{enumerator-list}
  enum identifier _选择{enumerator-list,}
  enum identifier

enumerator-list:
 enumerator
  enumerator-list , enumerator

enumerator:
 enumeration-constant
  enumeration-constant = constant-expression

atomic-type-specifier:
  _Atomic ( type-name )

type-qualifier:
 const
 restrict
 volatile
 _Atomic

function-specifier:
 inline
 _Noreturn

alignment-specifier:
  _Alignas ( type-name )
  _Alignas ( constant-expression )

declarator:
  pointer _选择direct-declarator

direct-declarator:
 identifier
  ( declarator )
  direct-declarator [ type-qualifier-list _选择assignment-expression_选择]
  direct-declarator [ static type-qualifier-list _选择assignment-expression]
  direct-declarator [ type-qualifier-list static assignment-expression ]
  direct-declarator [ type-qualifier-list _选择*]
  direct-declarator ( parameter-type-list )
  direct-declarator ( identifier-list _选择)³

pointer:
  * type-qualifier-list _选择
  * type-qualifier-list _选择pointer

type-qualifier-list:
 type-qualifier
  type-qualifier-list type-qualifier

parameter-type-list:
 parameter-list
  parameter-list , ...

parameter-list:
 parameter-declaration
  parameter-list , parameter-declaration

parameter-declaration:
  declaration-specifiers declarator
  declaration-specifiers abstract-declarator _选择

identifier-list：/* 对于旧式声明符 */
 identifier
  identifier-list , identifier

type-name:
  specifier-qualifier-list abstract-declarator _选择

abstract-declarator:
 pointer
  pointer _选择direct-abstract-declarator

direct-abstract-declarator:
  ( abstract-declarator )
  direct-abstract-declarator [ type-qualifier-list _选择assignment-expression_选择]
  direct-abstract-declarator [ static type-qualifier-list _选择assignment-expression]
  direct-abstract-declarator [ type-qualifier-list static assignment-expression ]
  direct-abstract-declarator [ type-qualifier-list _选择*]
  direct-abstract-declarator _选择(parameter-type-list_选择)

typedef-name:
 identifier

initializer:
 assignment-expression
  { initializer-list }
  { initializer-list , }

initializer-list:
  designation _选择initializer
  initializer-list , designation _选择initializer

designation:
  designator-list =

designator-list:
 designator
  designator-list designator

designator:
  [ constant-expression ]
  . identifier

static_assert-declaration:
  _Static_assert ( constant-expression , string-literal ) ;

¹ 此语法元素特定于Microsoft。
² 有关这些元素的详细信息，请参阅__asm、、__clrcall、__stdcall、__based、__fastcall、__thiscall__cdecl、和__inline__vectorcall。
³ 此样式已过时。

另请参阅

调用约定
短语结构语法
已过时的调用约定