同步推送订阅

本主题说明如何使用 SQL Server Management Studio、复制代理或复制管理对象 (RMO) 在 SQL Server 2012 中同步推送订阅。

本主题内容

• 同步推送订阅，使用：

  SQL Server Management Studio

  复制代理

  复制管理对象 (RMO)

使用 SQL Server Management Studio

订阅由分发代理（对于快照复制和事务复制）或合并代理（对于合并复制）进行同步。 代理可以连续运行、按需运行或按计划运行。 有关指定同步计划的详细信息，请参阅指定同步计划。

从 Microsoft SQL Server Management Studio 的**“本地发布”和“本地订阅”文件夹及复制监视器的“所有订阅”**选项卡中，按需同步订阅。 不能从订阅服务器按需同步对 Oracle 发布的订阅。 有关启动复制监视器的信息，请参阅启动复制监视器。

在 Management Studio 中按需同步推送订阅（在发布服务器中）

1. 在 Management Studio 中，连接到发布服务器，然后展开服务器节点。

2. 展开**“复制”文件夹，再展开“本地发布”**文件夹。

3. 展开要同步其订阅的发布。

4. 右键单击要同步的订阅，然后单击**“查看同步状态”**。

5. 在**“查看同步状态 - <订阅服务器>:<订阅数据库>”对话框中，单击“启动”。 完成同步后，将显示消息“同步完成”**。

6. 单击**“关闭”**。

在 Management Studio 中按需同步推送订阅（在订阅服务器中）

1. 在 Management Studio 中，连接到订阅服务器，然后展开服务器节点。

2. 展开**“复制”文件夹，再展开“本地订阅”**文件夹。

3. 右键单击要同步的订阅，然后单击**“查看同步状态”**。

4. 将显示一条消息，指示建立与分发服务器的连接。 单击**“确定”**。

5. 在**“查看同步状态 - <订阅服务器>:<订阅数据库>”对话框中，单击“启动”。 完成同步后，将显示消息“同步完成”**。

6. 单击**“关闭”**。

在复制监视器中按需同步推送订阅

1. 在复制监视器的左窗格中，展开发布服务器组，再展开发布服务器，然后单击一个发布。

2. 单击**“所有订阅”**选项卡。

3. 右键单击要同步的订阅，然后单击**“开始同步”**。

4. 若要查看同步进度，请右键单击该订阅，然后单击**“查看详细信息”**。

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使用复制代理

可通过在命令提示符下调用相应的复制代理可执行文件，以编程方式按需同步推送订阅。 被调用的复制代理可执行文件将取决于推送订阅所属的发布的类型。

启动分发代理以将推送订阅与事务发布进行同步

• 通过命令提示符或分发服务器中的批处理文件，执行 distrib.exe。 指定下列命令行参数：

  • -Publisher

  • -PublisherDB

  • -Distributor

  • -Subscriber

  • -SubscriberDB

  • -SubscriptionType = 0

  如果您使用的是 SQL Server 身份验证，则还必须指定下列参数：

  • -DistributorLogin

  • -DistributorPassword

  • -DistributorSecurityMode = 0

  • -PublisherLogin

  • -PublisherPassword

  • -PublisherSecurityMode = 0

  • -SubscriberLogin

  • -SubscriberPassword

  • -SubscriberSecurityMode = 0

    安全说明
    请尽可能使用 Windows 身份验证。

启动合并代理以将推送订阅与合并发布进行同步

• 通过命令提示符或分发服务器中的批处理文件，执行 replmerg.exe。 指定下列命令行参数：

  • -Publisher

  • -PublisherDB

  • -Publication

  • -Distributor

  • -Subscriber

  • -SubscriberDB

  • -SubscriptionType = 0

  如果您使用的是 SQL Server 身份验证，则还必须指定下列参数：

  • -DistributorLogin

  • -DistributorPassword

  • -DistributorSecurityMode = 0

  • -PublisherLogin

  • -PublisherPassword

  • -PublisherSecurityMode = 0

  • -SubscriberLogin

  • -SubscriberPassword

  • -SubscriberSecurityMode = 0

    安全说明
    请尽可能使用 Windows 身份验证。

示例（复制代理）

以下示例启动分发代理以同步推送订阅。

REM -- Declare the variables.
SET Publisher=%instancename%
SET Subscriber=%instancename%
SET PublicationDB=AdventureWorks2012
SET SubscriptionDB=AdventureWorks2012Replica 
SET Publication=AdvWorksProductsTran

REM -- Start the Distribution Agent with four subscription streams.
REM -- The following command must be supplied without line breaks.
"C:\Program Files\Microsoft SQL Server\110\COM\DISTRIB.EXE" -Subscriber %Subscriber% 
-SubscriberDB %SubscriptionDB% -SubscriberSecurityMode 1 -Publication %Publication% 
-Publisher %Publisher% -PublisherDB %PublicationDB% -Distributor %Publisher% 
-DistributorSecurityMode 1 -Continuous -SubscriptionType 0 -SubscriptionStreams 4 

以下示例启动合并代理以同步推送订阅。

REM -- Declare the variables.
SET Publisher=%instancename%
SET Subscriber=%instancename%
SET PublicationDB=AdventureWorks2012
SET SubscriptionDB=AdventureWorks2012Replica 
SET Publication=AdvWorksSalesOrdersMerge

REM -- Start the Merge Agent.
REM -- The following command must be supplied without line breaks.
"C:\Program Files\Microsoft SQL Server\110\COM\REPLMERG.EXE"  -Publisher %Publisher% 
-Subscriber  %Subscriber%  -Distributor %Publisher% -PublisherDB  %PublicationDB% 
-SubscriberDB %SubscriptionDB% -Publication %Publication% -PublisherSecurityMode 1 
-OutputVerboseLevel 3  -Output -SubscriberSecurityMode 1  -SubscriptionType 0 
-DistributorSecurityMode 1 

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使用复制管理对象 (RMO)

可以使用复制管理对象 (RMO) 和托管代码的复制代理功能访问权限以编程方式同步推送订阅。 用于同步推送订阅的类取决于订阅所属的发布的类型。

注意
如果您要启动一个自主运行而不影响应用程序的订阅，请异步启动代理。 但是，如果您要监视同步的结果并在同步进程期间从代理处接收回调（例如，您要显示进度栏），则应当同步启动代理。 对于 Microsoft SQL Server 2005 Express Edition 订阅服务器，您必须同步启动代理。

将推送订阅与快照发布或事务发布进行同步

1. 使用 ServerConnection 类创建与分发服务器的连接。

2. 创建 TransSubscription 类的实例并设置下列属性：

   • 用于 DatabaseName 的发布数据库的名称。

   • 用于 PublicationName 的订阅所属的发布的名称。

   • 用于 SubscriptionDBName 的订阅数据库的名称。

   • 用于 SubscriberName 的订阅服务器的名称。

   • 在步骤 1 中为 ConnectionContext 创建的连接。

3. 调用 LoadProperties 方法以获取其他订阅属性。 如果该方法返回 false，则确保订阅存在。

4. 使用下列方法之一在分发服务器中启动分发代理：

   • 在步骤 2 中的 TransSubscription 实例上调用 SynchronizeWithJob 方法。 该方法异步启动分发代理，并在代理作业运行时立即将控制权返回给您的应用程序。 如果创建的订阅的 CreateSyncAgentByDefault 的值为 false，则不能调用该方法。

   • 获取 SynchronizationAgent 属性中 TransSynchronizationAgent 类的实例，然后调用 Synchronize 方法。 该方法可以同步启动代理，并且控制权仍属于运行代理作业。 在执行同步期间，您可以在代理仍旧运行的情况下处理 Status 事件。

将推送订阅与合并发布进行同步

1. 使用 ServerConnection 类创建与分发服务器的连接。

2. 创建 MergeSubscription 类的实例并设置下列属性：

   • 用于 DatabaseName 的发布数据库的名称。

   • 用于 PublicationName 的订阅所属的发布的名称。

   • 用于 SubscriptionDBName 的订阅数据库的名称。

   • 用于 SubscriberName 的订阅服务器的名称。

   • 在步骤 1 中为 ConnectionContext 创建的连接。

3. 调用 LoadProperties 方法以获取其他订阅属性。 如果该方法返回 false，则确保订阅存在。

4. 使用下列方法之一在分发服务器中启动合并代理：

   • 在步骤 2 中的 MergeSubscription 实例上调用 SynchronizeWithJob 方法。 该方法异步启动合并代理，并在代理作业运行时立即将控制权返回给您的应用程序。 如果创建的订阅的 CreateSyncAgentByDefault 的值为 false，则不能调用该方法。

   • 获取 SynchronizationAgent 属性中 MergeSynchronizationAgent 类的实例，然后调用 Synchronize 方法。 该方法可以同步启动合并代理，并且控件仍属于运行代理作业。 在执行同步期间，您可以在代理仍旧运行的情况下处理 Status 事件。

示例 (RMO)

该示例将推送订阅与事务发布进行同步，其中，代理使用代理作业进行异步启动。

            // Define the server, publication, and database names.
            string subscriberName = subscriberInstance;
            string publisherName = publisherInstance;
            string publicationName = "AdvWorksProductTran";
            string subscriptionDbName = "AdventureWorks2012Replica";
            string publicationDbName = "AdventureWorks2012";

            /// Create a connection to the Publisher.
            ServerConnection conn = new ServerConnection(publisherName);

            TransSubscription subscription;

            try
            {
                // Connect to the Publisher.
                conn.Connect();

                // Instantiate the push subscription.
                subscription = new TransSubscription();
                subscription.ConnectionContext = conn;
                subscription.DatabaseName = publicationDbName;
                subscription.PublicationName = publicationName;
                subscription.SubscriptionDBName = subscriptionDbName;
                subscription.SubscriberName = subscriberName;

                // If the push subscription and the job exists, start the agent job.
                if (subscription.LoadProperties() && subscription.AgentJobId != null)
                {
                    // Start the Distribution Agent asynchronously.
                    subscription.SynchronizeWithJob();
                }
                else
                {
                    // Do something here if the subscription does not exist.
                    throw new ApplicationException(String.Format(
                        "A subscription to '{0}' does not exists on {1}",
                        publicationName, subscriberName));
                }
            }
            catch (Exception ex)
            {
                // Implement appropriate error handling here.
                throw new ApplicationException("The subscription could not be synchronized.", ex);
            }
            finally
            {
                conn.Disconnect();
            }

' Define the server, publication, and database names.
Dim subscriberName As String = subscriberInstance
Dim publisherName As String = publisherInstance
Dim publicationName As String = "AdvWorksProductTran"
Dim subscriptionDbName As String = "AdventureWorks2012Replica"
Dim publicationDbName As String = "AdventureWorks2012"

' Create a connection to the Publisher.
Dim conn As ServerConnection = New ServerConnection(publisherName)

Dim subscription As TransSubscription

Try
    ' Connect to the Publisher.
    conn.Connect()

    ' Instantiate the push subscription.
    subscription = New TransSubscription()
    subscription.ConnectionContext = conn
    subscription.DatabaseName = publicationDbName
    subscription.PublicationName = publicationName
    subscription.SubscriptionDBName = subscriptionDbName
    subscription.SubscriberName = subscriberName

    ' If the push subscription and the job exists, start the agent job.
    If subscription.LoadProperties() And Not subscription.AgentJobId Is Nothing Then
        ' Start the Distribution Agent asynchronously.
        subscription.SynchronizeWithJob()
    Else
        ' Do something here if the subscription does not exist.
        Throw New ApplicationException(String.Format( _
         "A subscription to '{0}' does not exists on {1}", _
         publicationName, subscriberName))
    End If
Catch ex As Exception
    ' Implement appropriate error handling here.
    Throw New ApplicationException("The subscription could not be synchronized.", ex)
Finally
    conn.Disconnect()
End Try

该示例将推送订阅与事务发布进行同步，其中，代理进行同步启动。

          // Define the server, publication, and database names.
            string subscriberName = subscriberInstance;
            string publisherName = publisherInstance;
            string publicationName = "AdvWorksProductTran";
            string subscriptionDbName = "AdventureWorks2012Replica";
            string publicationDbName = "AdventureWorks2012";

            // Create a connection to the Publisher.
            ServerConnection conn = new ServerConnection(publisherName);

            TransSubscription subscription;

            try
            {
                // Connect to the Publisher.
                conn.Connect();

                // Define the push subscription.
                subscription = new TransSubscription();
                subscription.ConnectionContext = conn;
                subscription.DatabaseName = publicationDbName;
                subscription.PublicationName = publicationName;
                subscription.SubscriptionDBName = subscriptionDbName;
                subscription.SubscriberName = subscriberName;

                // If the push subscription exists, start the synchronization.
                if (subscription.LoadProperties())
                {
                    // Check that we have enough metadata to start the agent.
                    if (subscription.SubscriberSecurity != null)
                    {
                        // Synchronously start the Distribution Agent for the subscription.
                        subscription.SynchronizationAgent.Synchronize();
                    }
                    else
                    {
                        throw new ApplicationException("There is insufficent metadata to " +
                            "synchronize the subscription. Recreate the subscription with " +
                            "the agent job or supply the required agent properties at run time.");
                    }
                }
                else
                {
                    // Do something here if the push subscription does not exist.
                    throw new ApplicationException(String.Format(
                        "The subscription to '{0}' does not exist on {1}",
                        publicationName, subscriberName));
                }
            }
            catch (Exception ex)
            {
                // Implement appropriate error handling here.
                throw new ApplicationException("The subscription could not be synchronized.", ex);
            }
            finally
            {
                conn.Disconnect();
            }

' Define the server, publication, and database names.
Dim subscriberName As String = subscriberInstance
Dim publisherName As String = publisherInstance
Dim publicationName As String = "AdvWorksProductTran"
Dim subscriptionDbName As String = "AdventureWorks2012Replica"
Dim publicationDbName As String = "AdventureWorks2012"

' Create a connection to the Publisher.
Dim conn As ServerConnection = New ServerConnection(publisherName)

Dim subscription As TransSubscription

Try
    ' Connect to the Publisher.
    conn.Connect()

    ' Define the push subscription.
    subscription = New TransSubscription()
    subscription.ConnectionContext = conn
    subscription.DatabaseName = publicationDbName
    subscription.PublicationName = publicationName
    subscription.SubscriptionDBName = subscriptionDbName
    subscription.SubscriberName = subscriberName

    ' If the push subscription exists, start the synchronization.
    If subscription.LoadProperties() Then
        ' Check that we have enough metadata to start the agent.
        If Not subscription.SubscriberSecurity Is Nothing Then

            ' Synchronously start the Distribution Agent for the subscription.
            subscription.SynchronizationAgent.Synchronize()
        Else
            Throw New ApplicationException("There is insufficent metadata to " + _
             "synchronize the subscription. Recreate the subscription with " + _
             "the agent job or supply the required agent properties at run time.")
        End If
    Else
        ' Do something here if the push subscription does not exist.
        Throw New ApplicationException(String.Format( _
         "The subscription to '{0}' does not exist on {1}", _
         publicationName, subscriberName))
    End If
Catch ex As Exception
    ' Implement appropriate error handling here.
    Throw New ApplicationException("The subscription could not be synchronized.", ex)
Finally
    conn.Disconnect()
End Try

该示例将推送订阅与合并发布进行同步，其中，代理使用代理作业进行异步启动。

            // Define the server, publication, and database names.
            string subscriberName = subscriberInstance;
            string publisherName = publisherInstance;
            string publicationName = "AdvWorksSalesOrdersMerge";
            string subscriptionDbName = "AdventureWorks2012Replica";
            string publicationDbName = "AdventureWorks2012";

            // Create a connection to the Publisher.
            ServerConnection conn = new ServerConnection(publisherName);

            MergeSubscription subscription;

            try
            {
                // Connect to the Publisher.
                conn.Connect();

                // Define push subscription.
                subscription = new MergeSubscription();
                subscription.ConnectionContext = conn;
                subscription.DatabaseName = publicationDbName;
                subscription.PublicationName = publicationName;
                subscription.SubscriptionDBName = subscriptionDbName;
                subscription.SubscriberName = subscriberName;

                // If the push subscription and the job exists, start the agent job.
                if (subscription.LoadProperties() && subscription.AgentJobId != null)
                {
                    // Start the Merge Agent asynchronously.
                    subscription.SynchronizeWithJob();
                }
                else
                {
                    // Do something here if the subscription does not exist.
                    throw new ApplicationException(String.Format(
                        "A subscription to '{0}' does not exists on {1}",
                        publicationName, subscriberName));
                }
            }
            catch (Exception ex)
            {
                // Implement appropriate error handling here.
                throw new ApplicationException("The subscription could not be synchronized.", ex);
            }
            finally
            {
                conn.Disconnect();
            }

' Define the server, publication, and database names.
Dim subscriberName As String = subscriberInstance
Dim publisherName As String = publisherInstance
Dim publicationName As String = "AdvWorksSalesOrdersMerge"
Dim subscriptionDbName As String = "AdventureWorks2012Replica"
Dim publicationDbName As String = "AdventureWorks2012"

' Create a connection to the Publisher.
Dim conn As ServerConnection = New ServerConnection(publisherName)

Dim subscription As MergeSubscription

Try
    ' Connect to the Publisher.
    conn.Connect()

    ' Define push subscription.
    subscription = New MergeSubscription()
    subscription.ConnectionContext = conn
    subscription.DatabaseName = publicationDbName
    subscription.PublicationName = publicationName
    subscription.SubscriptionDBName = subscriptionDbName
    subscription.SubscriberName = subscriberName

    ' If the push subscription and the job exists, start the agent job.
    If subscription.LoadProperties() And Not subscription.AgentJobId Is Nothing Then
        ' Start the Merge Agent asynchronously.
        subscription.SynchronizeWithJob()
    Else
        ' Do something here if the subscription does not exist.
        Throw New ApplicationException(String.Format( _
            "A subscription to '{0}' does not exists on {1}", _
            publicationName, subscriberName))
    End If
Catch ex As Exception
    ' Implement appropriate error handling here.
    Throw New ApplicationException("The subscription could not be synchronized.", ex)
Finally
    conn.Disconnect()
End Try

该示例将推送订阅与合并发布进行同步，其中，代理进行同步启动。

          // Define the server, publication, and database names.
            string subscriberName = subscriberInstance;
            string publisherName = publisherInstance;
            string publicationName = "AdvWorksSalesOrdersMerge";
            string subscriptionDbName = "AdventureWorks2012Replica";
            string publicationDbName = "AdventureWorks2012";

            // Create a connection to the Publisher.
            ServerConnection conn = new ServerConnection(publisherName);

            MergeSubscription subscription;

            try
            {
                // Connect to the Publisher
                conn.Connect();

                // Define the subscription.
                subscription = new MergeSubscription();
                subscription.ConnectionContext = conn;
                subscription.DatabaseName = publicationDbName;
                subscription.PublicationName = publicationName;
                subscription.SubscriptionDBName = subscriptionDbName;
                subscription.SubscriberName = subscriberName;

                // If the push subscription exists, start the synchronization.
                if (subscription.LoadProperties())
                {
                    // Check that we have enough metadata to start the agent.
                    if (subscription.SubscriberSecurity != null)
                    {
                        // Synchronously start the Merge Agent for the subscription.
                        subscription.SynchronizationAgent.Synchronize();
                    }
                    else
                    {
                        throw new ApplicationException("There is insufficent metadata to " +
                            "synchronize the subscription. Recreate the subscription with " +
                            "the agent job or supply the required agent properties at run time.");
                    }
                }
                else
                {
                    // Do something here if the push subscription does not exist.
                    throw new ApplicationException(String.Format(
                        "The subscription to '{0}' does not exist on {1}",
                        publicationName, subscriberName));
                }
            }
            catch (Exception ex)
            {
                // Implement appropriate error handling here.
                throw new ApplicationException("The subscription could not be synchronized.", ex);
            }
            finally
            {
                conn.Disconnect();
            }

' Define the server, publication, and database names.
Dim subscriberName As String = subscriberInstance
Dim publisherName As String = publisherInstance
Dim publicationName As String = "AdvWorksSalesOrdersMerge"
Dim subscriptionDbName As String = "AdventureWorks2012Replica"
Dim publicationDbName As String = "AdventureWorks2012"

' Create a connection to the Publisher.
Dim conn As ServerConnection = New ServerConnection(publisherName)

Dim subscription As MergeSubscription

Try
    ' Connect to the Publisher
    conn.Connect()

    ' Define the subscription.
    subscription = New MergeSubscription()
    subscription.ConnectionContext = conn
    subscription.DatabaseName = publicationDbName
    subscription.PublicationName = publicationName
    subscription.SubscriptionDBName = subscriptionDbName
    subscription.SubscriberName = subscriberName

    ' If the push subscription exists, start the synchronization.
    If subscription.LoadProperties() Then
        ' Check that we have enough metadata to start the agent.
        If Not subscription.SubscriberSecurity Is Nothing Then
            ' Synchronously start the Merge Agent for the subscription.
            ' Log agent messages to an output file.
            subscription.SynchronizationAgent.Output = "mergeagent.log"
            subscription.SynchronizationAgent.OutputVerboseLevel = 2
            subscription.SynchronizationAgent.Synchronize()
        Else
            Throw New ApplicationException("There is insufficent metadata to " + _
             "synchronize the subscription. Recreate the subscription with " + _
             "the agent job or supply the required agent properties at run time.")
        End If
    Else
        ' Do something here if the push subscription does not exist.
        Throw New ApplicationException(String.Format( _
         "The subscription to '{0}' does not exist on {1}", _
         publicationName, subscriberName))
    End If
Catch ex As Exception
    ' Implement appropriate error handling here.
    Throw New ApplicationException("The subscription could not be synchronized.", ex)
Finally
    conn.Disconnect()
End Try

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请参阅

概念

复制管理对象概念

同步数据

复制安全最佳实践