如何:将字符串转换为数字(C# 编程指南)

这些示例演示了一些用于将 string 转换为 int 的不同方法。例如,当从命令行参数获取数值输入时,此类转换会很有用。还存在一些将字符串转换为其他数值类型(如 floatlong)的类似方法。下表列出了其中的一些方法。

数值类型

方法

decimal

ToDecimal(String)

float

ToSingle(String)

double

ToDouble(String)

short

ToInt16(String)

int

ToInt32(String)

long

ToInt64(String)

ushort

ToUInt16(String)

uint

ToUInt32(String)

ulong

ToUInt64(String)

示例

此示例调用 ToInt32(String) 方法将输入的 string 转换为 int。程序捕捉此方法可能引发的两个最常见的异常,FormatExceptionOverflowException。如果该数字可以递增而不溢出整数存储位置,则程序使结果加上 1 并打印输出。

static void Main(string[] args)
{
    int numVal = -1;
    bool repeat = true;

    while (repeat == true)
    {
        Console.WriteLine("Enter a number between −2,147,483,648 and +2,147,483,647 (inclusive).");

        string input = Console.ReadLine();

        // ToInt32 can throw FormatException or OverflowException.
        try
        {
            numVal = Convert.ToInt32(input);
        }
        catch (FormatException e)
        {
            Console.WriteLine("Input string is not a sequence of digits.");
        }
        catch (OverflowException e)
        {
            Console.WriteLine("The number cannot fit in an Int32.");
        }
        finally
        {
            if (numVal < Int32.MaxValue)
            {
                Console.WriteLine("The new value is {0}", numVal + 1);
            }
            else
            {
                Console.WriteLine("numVal cannot be incremented beyond its current value");
            }
        }
        Console.WriteLine("Go again? Y/N");
        string go = Console.ReadLine();
        if (go == "Y" || go == "y")
        {
            repeat = true;
        }
        else
        {
            repeat = false;
        }
    }
    // Keep the console open in debug mode.
    Console.WriteLine("Press any key to exit.");
    Console.ReadKey();    
}
// Sample Output:
// Enter a number between -2,147,483,648 and +2,147,483,647 (inclusive).
// 473
// The new value is 474
// Go again? Y/N
// y
// Enter a number between -2,147,483,648 and +2,147,483,647 (inclusive).
// 2147483647
// numVal cannot be incremented beyond its current value
// Go again? Y/N
// Y
// Enter a number between -2,147,483,648 and +2,147,483,647 (inclusive).
// -1000
// The new value is -999
// Go again? Y/N
// n
// Press any key to exit.

将 string 转换为 int 的另一种方法是使用 System.Int32 结构的 ParseTryParse 方法。ToUInt32 方法在内部使用 Parse。如果字符串的格式无效,则 Parse 会引发一个异常;TryParse 不会引发异常,但会返回 false。下面的示例演示了对 ParseTryParse 的成功调用和不成功的调用。

int numVal = Int32.Parse("-105");
Console.WriteLine(numVal);
// Output: -105
// TryParse returns true if the conversion succeeded
// and stores the result in the specified variable.
int j;
bool result = Int32.TryParse("-105", out j);
if (true == result)
    Console.WriteLine(j);
else
    Console.WriteLine("String could not be parsed.");
// Output: -105
try
{
    int m = Int32.Parse("abc");
}
catch (FormatException e)
{
    Console.WriteLine(e.Message);
}
// Output: Input string was not in a correct format.
string inputString = "abc";
int numValue;
bool parsed = Int32.TryParse(inputString, out numValue);

if (!parsed)
    Console.WriteLine("Int32.TryParse could not parse '{0}' to an int.\n", inputString);

// Output: Int32.TryParse could not parse 'abc' to an int.

请参见

任务

如何:确定字符串是否表示数值(C# 编程指南)

参考

类型(C# 编程指南)