定義文章

本主題描述如何使用 SQL Server Management Studio、Transact-SQL 或 Replication Management Objects （RMO） 在 SQL Server 2014 中定義文章。

本主題內容

• 開始之前：

  限制事項

  安全性

• 若要定義一篇文章，請使用：

  SQL Server Management Studio

  Transact-SQL

  複寫管理物件 （RMO）

開始之前

限制與制約

• 發行項名稱不能包含下列任何字元：% 、 * 、 [ 、 ] 、 |, : , " , ? 、' 、 \ 、 / 、 < 、 >。 如果資料庫中的物件包含上述任何字元，而且您想要復寫這些字元，您必須指定與物件名稱不同的發行項名稱。

安全

可能的話，會在執行階段提示使用者輸入安全性認證。 如果您必須儲存認證，請使用 Microsoft Windows .NET Framework 提供的密碼編譯服務。

使用 SQL Server Management Studio

使用 [新增發行集精靈] 建立發行集並定義文章。 建立發行集之後，請在 [ 發行集屬性 - <發行集] 對話框中檢視和修改發行集> 屬性。 如需從 Oracle 資料庫建立發行集的詳細資訊，請參閱 從 Oracle 資料庫建立發行集。

建立出版物並定義文章

1. 在 Microsoft SQL Server Management Studio 中連接到發行者，然後展開伺服器節點。

2. 展開 複寫 資料夾，然後滑鼠右鍵點擊 本機發行集 資料夾。

3. 點擊新發行。

4. 請按照「新出版物精靈」中的頁面，進行下列操作：

   • 如果未在伺服器上設定散發，請指定散發者。 若要取得設定分發的詳細資訊，請參閱 設定發佈和分發。

     如果您在 [散發者] 頁面上指定發行者伺服器將作為自己的散發者（本機散發者），但伺服器尚未設定為「散發者」，[新增發行集精靈] 會為您設定伺服器。 您將在 [快照資料夾] 頁面上指定散發者的預設快照資料夾。 快照集資料夾只是您指定為共享的目錄;讀取和寫入此資料夾的代理程式必須有足夠的許可權才能存取它。 如需適當保護資料夾的詳細資訊，請參閱 保護快照集資料夾。

     如果您指定另一部伺服器應該做為「散發者」，您必須在 [ 系統管理密碼 ] 頁面上輸入密碼，以取得從發行者到散發者的連線。 此密碼必須符合在遠端散發者端啟用發行者時所指定的密碼。

     如需詳細資訊，請參閱 配置發佈。

   • 選擇出版資料庫。

   • 選取發行集類型。 如需詳細資訊，請參閱 複寫類型。

   • 指定要發佈的數據和資料庫物件;選擇性地篩選數據表發行項中的數據行，並設定發行項屬性。

   • 可以選擇篩選資料表中的資料列。 如需詳細資訊，請參閱 篩選已發佈的數據。

   • 設定快照代理程式排程。

   • 指定執行下列複寫代理程式並建立連線所需的認證：

     - 所有發行項目的快照代理程式。

     - 用於所有事務性發行集的記錄讀取器代理程式。

     - 用於允許更新訂閱的交易式發行集的佇列讀取器代理程式。

     如需詳細資訊，請參閱 複寫代理程式安全性模型 和 復寫安全性最佳做法。

   • 選擇性地編寫發佈腳本。 如需詳細資訊，請參閱 Scripting Replication。

   • 指定出版物的名稱。

使用 Transact-SQL

建立發行集之後，可以使用複製儲存過程以程式化方式建立文章。 用來建立文章的預存程式將取決於該文章所屬的出版類型。 如需詳細資訊，請參閱建立出版物。

定義快照式或交易式發行集的發行項

1. 在發行集資料庫的發行者上，執行 sp_addarticle。 針對 @publication 指定文章所屬刊物的名稱、@article 文章的名稱、針對 @source_object 正在出版的資料庫物件，以及任何其他選擇性參數。 如果不是 dbo，請使用@source_owner來指定對象的架構擁有權。 如果發行項不是以記錄為基礎的數據表發行項，請指定@type的發行項類型;如需詳細資訊，請參閱指定發行項類型（複寫 Transact-SQL 程序設計）。

2. 若要水平篩選表格或檢視中的資料列，請使用 sp_articlefilter 來定義篩選子句。 如需詳細資訊，請參閱 定義和修改靜態數據列篩選。

3. 若要對資料表中的欄位或檢視文章進行垂直篩選，請使用 sp_articlecolumn。 如需詳細資訊，請參閱 定義和修改數據行篩選。

4. 如果文章有被篩選，請執行sp_articleview。

5. 如果發行集有現有的訂閱，且sp_helppublication在immediate_sync列中傳回值0，您必須呼叫sp_addsubscription，將文章新增至每個現有的訂閱。

6. 如果發行項目有現有的提取訂閱，請在發行者端執行 sp_refreshsubscriptions ，為現有的提取訂閱建立只包含新文章的新快照。

   備註

   對於未使用快照集初始化的訂用帳戶，您不需要執行 sp_refreshsubscriptions ，因為此程式是由 sp_addarticle 執行。

定義合併出版物的文章

1. 在發行集資料庫的發行者上，執行 sp_addmergearticle。 指定 @publication 的出版物名稱、@article 的文章名稱，以及 @source_object 的發布對象。 若要水平篩選數據表數據列，請指定 @subset_filterclause的值。 如需詳細資訊，請參閱 定義和修改合併發行項的參數化數據列篩選 和 定義及修改靜態數據列篩選。 如果發行項不是數據表發行項，請指定 @type的發行項類型。 如需詳細資訊，請參閱指定文章類型（複寫程式設計 Transact-SQL）。

2. （選擇性）在發行資料庫的發行者上，執行 sp_addmergefilter 以定義兩個資料項之間的聯結篩選。 如需詳細資訊，請參閱 定義和修改合併發行項之間的聯結篩選。

3. （選擇性）在發行集資料庫的發布者上，執行 sp_mergearticlecolumn 來篩選表格欄位。 如需詳細資訊，請參閱 定義和修改數據行篩選。

範例 (Transact-SQL)

此範例會根據交易式發行物中的 Product 表格定義文章，並水平和垂直進行篩選。

DECLARE @publication    AS sysname;
DECLARE @table AS sysname;
DECLARE @filterclause AS nvarchar(500);
DECLARE @filtername AS nvarchar(386);
DECLARE @schemaowner AS sysname;
SET @publication = N'AdvWorksProductTran'; 
SET @table = N'Product';
SET @filterclause = N'[DiscontinuedDate] IS NULL'; 
SET @filtername = N'filter_out_discontinued';
SET @schemaowner = N'Production';

-- Add a horizontally and vertically filtered article for the Product table.
-- Manually set @schema_option to ensure that the Production schema 
-- is generated at the Subscriber (0x8000000).
EXEC sp_addarticle 
    @publication = @publication, 
    @article = @table, 
    @source_object = @table,
    @source_owner = @schemaowner, 
    @schema_option = 0x80030F3,
    @vertical_partition = N'true', 
    @type = N'logbased',
    @filter_clause = @filterclause;

-- (Optional) Manually call the stored procedure to create the 
-- horizontal filtering stored procedure. Since the type is 
-- 'logbased', this stored procedures is executed automatically.
EXEC sp_articlefilter 
    @publication = @publication, 
    @article = @table, 
    @filter_clause = @filterclause, 
    @filter_name = @filtername;

-- Add all columns to the article.
EXEC sp_articlecolumn 
    @publication = @publication, 
    @article = @table;

-- Remove the DaysToManufacture column from the article
EXEC sp_articlecolumn 
    @publication = @publication, 
    @article = @table, 
    @column = N'DaysToManufacture', 
    @operation = N'drop';

-- (Optional) Manually call the stored procedure to create the 
-- vertical filtering view. Since the type is 'logbased', 
-- this stored procedures is executed automatically.
EXEC sp_articleview 
    @publication = @publication, 
    @article = @table,
    @filter_clause = @filterclause;
GO

此範例會定義合併出版物的文章，其中 SalesOrderHeader 文章會根據 SalesPersonID 以靜態方式篩選，而 SalesOrderDetail 文章會根據 SalesOrderHeader以連接方式篩選。

DECLARE @publication AS sysname;
DECLARE @table1 AS sysname;
DECLARE @table2 AS sysname;
DECLARE @table3 AS sysname;
DECLARE @salesschema AS sysname;
DECLARE @hrschema AS sysname;
DECLARE @filterclause AS nvarchar(1000);
SET @publication = N'AdvWorksSalesOrdersMerge'; 
SET @table1 = N'Employee'; 
SET @table2 = N'SalesOrderHeader'; 
SET @table3 = N'SalesOrderDetail'; 
SET @salesschema = N'Sales';
SET @hrschema = N'HumanResources';
SET @filterclause = N'Employee.LoginID = HOST_NAME()';

-- Add a filtered article for the Employee table.
EXEC sp_addmergearticle 
  @publication = @publication, 
  @article = @table1, 
  @source_object = @table1, 
  @type = N'table', 
  @source_owner = @hrschema,
  @schema_option = 0x0004CF1,
  @description = N'article for the Employee table',
  @subset_filterclause = @filterclause;

-- Add an article for the SalesOrderHeader table that is filtered
-- based on Employee and horizontally filtered.
EXEC sp_addmergearticle 
  @publication = @publication, 
  @article = @table2, 
  @source_object = @table2, 
  @type = N'table', 
  @source_owner = @salesschema, 
  @vertical_partition = N'true',
  @schema_option = 0x0034EF1,
  @description = N'article for the SalesOrderDetail table';

-- Add an article for the SalesOrderDetail table that is filtered
-- based on SaledOrderHeader.
EXEC sp_addmergearticle 
  @publication = @publication, 
  @article = @table3, 
  @source_object = @table3, 
  @source_owner = @salesschema,
  @description = 'article for the SalesOrderHeader table', 
  @identityrangemanagementoption = N'auto', 
  @pub_identity_range = 100000, 
  @identity_range = 100, 
  @threshold = 80,
  @schema_option = 0x0004EF1;

-- Add all columns to the SalesOrderHeader article.
EXEC sp_mergearticlecolumn 
  @publication = @publication, 
  @article = @table2, 
  @force_invalidate_snapshot = 1, 
  @force_reinit_subscription = 1;

-- Remove the credit card Approval Code column.
EXEC sp_mergearticlecolumn 
  @publication = @publication, 
  @article = @table2, 
  @column = N'CreditCardApprovalCode', 
  @operation = N'drop', 
  @force_invalidate_snapshot = 1, 
  @force_reinit_subscription = 1;

-- Add a merge join filter between Employee and SalesOrderHeader.
EXEC sp_addmergefilter 
  @publication = @publication, 
  @article = @table2, 
  @filtername = N'SalesOrderHeader_Employee', 
  @join_articlename = @table1, 
  @join_filterclause = N'Employee.BusinessEntityID = SalesOrderHeader.SalesPersonID', 
  @join_unique_key = 1, 
  @filter_type = 1, 
  @force_invalidate_snapshot = 1, 
  @force_reinit_subscription = 1;

-- Add a merge join filter between SalesOrderHeader and SalesOrderDetail.
EXEC sp_addmergefilter 
  @publication = @publication, 
  @article = @table3, 
  @filtername = N'SalesOrderDetail_SalesOrderHeader', 
  @join_articlename = @table2, 
  @join_filterclause = N'SalesOrderHeader.SalesOrderID = SalesOrderDetail.SalesOrderID', 
  @join_unique_key = 1, 
  @filter_type = 1, 
  @force_invalidate_snapshot = 1, 
  @force_reinit_subscription = 1;
GO

使用 Replication Management Objects (RMO)

您可以使用複寫管理物件 （RMO） 以程式設計方式定義發行項。 您用來定義發行項的 RMO 類別取決於定義發行項的發行集類型。

範例 (RMO)

下列範例會將帶有欄和列篩選器的文章新增至交易式發行。

// Define the Publisher, publication, and article names.
string publisherName = publisherInstance;
string publicationName = "AdvWorksProductTran";
string publicationDbName = "AdventureWorks2012";
string articleName = "Product";
string schemaOwner = "Production";

TransArticle article;

// Create a connection to the Publisher.
ServerConnection conn = new ServerConnection(publisherName);

// Create a filtered transactional articles in the following steps:
// 1) Create the  article with a horizontal filter clause.
// 2) Add columns to or remove columns from the article.
try
{
    // Connect to the Publisher.
    conn.Connect();

    // Define a horizontally filtered, log-based table article.
    article = new TransArticle();
    article.ConnectionContext = conn;
    article.Name = articleName;
    article.DatabaseName = publicationDbName;
    article.SourceObjectName = articleName;
    article.SourceObjectOwner = schemaOwner;
    article.PublicationName = publicationName;
    article.Type = ArticleOptions.LogBased;
    article.FilterClause = "DiscontinuedDate IS NULL";

    // Ensure that we create the schema owner at the Subscriber.
    article.SchemaOption |= CreationScriptOptions.Schema;

    if (!article.IsExistingObject)
    {
        // Create the article.
        article.Create();
    }
    else
    {
        throw new ApplicationException(String.Format(
            "The article {0} already exists in publication {1}.",
            articleName, publicationName));
    }

    // Create an array of column names to remove from the article.
    String[] columns = new String[1];
    columns[0] = "DaysToManufacture";

    // Remove the column from the article.
    article.RemoveReplicatedColumns(columns);
}
catch (Exception ex)
{
    // Implement appropriate error handling here.
    throw new ApplicationException("The article could not be created.", ex);
}
finally
{
    conn.Disconnect();
}

' Define the Publisher, publication, and article names.
Dim publisherName As String = publisherInstance
Dim publicationName As String = "AdvWorksProductTran"
Dim publicationDbName As String = "AdventureWorks2012"
Dim articleName As String = "Product"
Dim schemaOwner As String = "Production"

Dim article As TransArticle

' Create a connection to the Publisher.
Dim conn As ServerConnection = New ServerConnection(publisherName)

' Create a filtered transactional articles in the following steps:
' 1) Create the  article with a horizontal filter clause.
' 2) Add columns to or remove columns from the article.
Try
    ' Connect to the Publisher.
    conn.Connect()

    ' Define a horizontally filtered, log-based table article.
    article = New TransArticle()
    article.ConnectionContext = conn
    article.Name = articleName
    article.DatabaseName = publicationDbName
    article.SourceObjectName = articleName
    article.SourceObjectOwner = schemaOwner
    article.PublicationName = publicationName
    article.Type = ArticleOptions.LogBased
    article.FilterClause = "DiscontinuedDate IS NULL"

    ' Ensure that we create the schema owner at the Subscriber.
    article.SchemaOption = article.SchemaOption Or _
    CreationScriptOptions.Schema

    If Not article.IsExistingObject Then
        ' Create the article.
        article.Create()
    Else
        Throw New ApplicationException(String.Format( _
         "The article {0} already exists in publication {1}.", _
         articleName, publicationName))
    End If

    ' Create an array of column names to remove from the article.
    Dim columns() As String = New String(0) {}
    columns(0) = "DaysToManufacture"

    ' Remove the column from the article.
    article.RemoveReplicatedColumns(columns)
Catch ex As Exception
    ' Implement appropriate error handling here.
    Throw New ApplicationException("The article could not be created.", ex)
Finally
    conn.Disconnect()
End Try

下列範例會將三篇文章新增至合併式發行集。 發行項具有數據行篩選，而兩個聯結篩選可用來將參數化數據列篩選傳播至其他發行項。

// Define the Publisher and publication names.
string publisherName = publisherInstance;
string publicationName = "AdvWorksSalesOrdersMerge";
string publicationDbName = "AdventureWorks2012";

// Specify article names.
string articleName1 = "Employee";
string articleName2 = "SalesOrderHeader";
string articleName3 = "SalesOrderDetail";

// Specify join filter information.
string filterName12 = "SalesOrderHeader_Employee";
string filterClause12 = "Employee.EmployeeID = " +
    "SalesOrderHeader.SalesPersonID";
string filterName23 = "SalesOrderDetail_SalesOrderHeader";
string filterClause23 = "SalesOrderHeader.SalesOrderID = " +
    "SalesOrderDetail.SalesOrderID";

string salesSchema = "Sales";
string hrSchema = "HumanResources";

MergeArticle article1 = new MergeArticle();
MergeArticle article2 = new MergeArticle();
MergeArticle article3 = new MergeArticle();
MergeJoinFilter filter12 = new MergeJoinFilter();
MergeJoinFilter filter23 = new MergeJoinFilter();

// Create a connection to the Publisher.
ServerConnection conn = new ServerConnection(publisherName);

// Create three merge articles that are horizontally partitioned
// using a parameterized row filter on Employee.EmployeeID, which is 
// extended to the two other articles using join filters. 
try
{
    // Connect to the Publisher.
    conn.Connect();

    // Create each article. 
    // For clarity, each article is defined separately. 
    // In practice, iterative structures and arrays should 
    // be used to efficiently create multiple articles.

    // Set the required properties for the Employee article.
    article1.ConnectionContext = conn;
    article1.Name = articleName1;
    article1.DatabaseName = publicationDbName;
    article1.SourceObjectName = articleName1;
    article1.SourceObjectOwner = hrSchema;
    article1.PublicationName = publicationName;
    article1.Type = ArticleOptions.TableBased;

    // Define the parameterized filter clause based on Hostname.
    article1.FilterClause = "Employee.LoginID = HOST_NAME()";

    // Set the required properties for the SalesOrderHeader article.
    article2.ConnectionContext = conn;
    article2.Name = articleName2;
    article2.DatabaseName = publicationDbName;
    article2.SourceObjectName = articleName2;
    article2.SourceObjectOwner = salesSchema;
    article2.PublicationName = publicationName;
    article2.Type = ArticleOptions.TableBased;

    // Set the required properties for the SalesOrderDetail article.
    article3.ConnectionContext = conn;
    article3.Name = articleName3;
    article3.DatabaseName = publicationDbName;
    article3.SourceObjectName = articleName3;
    article3.SourceObjectOwner = salesSchema;
    article3.PublicationName = publicationName;
    article3.Type = ArticleOptions.TableBased;

    if (!article1.IsExistingObject) article1.Create();
    if (!article2.IsExistingObject) article2.Create();
    if (!article3.IsExistingObject) article3.Create();

    // Select published columns for SalesOrderHeader.
    // Create an array of column names to vertically filter out.
    // In this example, only one column is removed.
    String[] columns = new String[1];

    columns[0] = "CreditCardApprovalCode";

    // Remove the column.
    article2.RemoveReplicatedColumns(columns);

    // Define a merge filter clauses that filter 
    // SalesOrderHeader based on Employee and 
    // SalesOrderDetail based on SalesOrderHeader. 

    // Parent article.
    filter12.JoinArticleName = articleName1;
    // Child article.
    filter12.ArticleName = articleName2;
    filter12.FilterName = filterName12;
    filter12.JoinUniqueKey = true;
    filter12.FilterTypes = FilterTypes.JoinFilter;
    filter12.JoinFilterClause = filterClause12;

    // Add the join filter to the child article.
    article2.AddMergeJoinFilter(filter12);

    // Parent article.
    filter23.JoinArticleName = articleName2;
    // Child article.
    filter23.ArticleName = articleName3;
    filter23.FilterName = filterName23;
    filter23.JoinUniqueKey = true;
    filter23.FilterTypes = FilterTypes.JoinFilter;
    filter23.JoinFilterClause = filterClause23;

    // Add the join filter to the child article.
    article3.AddMergeJoinFilter(filter23);
}
catch (Exception ex)
{
    // Do error handling here and rollback the transaction.
    throw new ApplicationException(
        "The filtered articles could not be created", ex);
}
finally
{
    conn.Disconnect();
}

' Define the Publisher and publication names.
Dim publisherName As String = publisherInstance
Dim publicationName As String = "AdvWorksSalesOrdersMerge"
Dim publicationDbName As String = "AdventureWorks2012"

' Specify article names.
Dim articleName1 As String = "Employee"
Dim articleName2 As String = "SalesOrderHeader"
Dim articleName3 As String = "SalesOrderDetail"

' Specify join filter information.
Dim filterName12 As String = "SalesOrderHeader_Employee"
Dim filterClause12 As String = "Employee.EmployeeID = " + _
    "SalesOrderHeader.SalesPersonID"
Dim filterName23 As String = "SalesOrderDetail_SalesOrderHeader"
Dim filterClause23 As String = "SalesOrderHeader.SalesOrderID = " + _
    "SalesOrderDetail.SalesOrderID"

Dim salesSchema As String = "Sales"
Dim hrSchema As String = "HumanResources"

Dim article1 As MergeArticle = New MergeArticle()
Dim article2 As MergeArticle = New MergeArticle()
Dim article3 As MergeArticle = New MergeArticle()
Dim filter12 As MergeJoinFilter = New MergeJoinFilter()
Dim filter23 As MergeJoinFilter = New MergeJoinFilter()

' Create a connection to the Publisher.
Dim conn As ServerConnection = New ServerConnection(publisherName)

' Create three merge articles that are horizontally partitioned
' using a parameterized row filter on Employee.EmployeeID, which is 
' extended to the two other articles using join filters. 
Try
    ' Connect to the Publisher.
    conn.Connect()

    ' Create each article. 
    ' For clarity, each article is defined separately. 
    ' In practice, iterative structures and arrays should 
    ' be used to efficiently create multiple articles.

    ' Set the required properties for the Employee article.
    article1.ConnectionContext = conn
    article1.Name = articleName1
    article1.DatabaseName = publicationDbName
    article1.SourceObjectName = articleName1
    article1.SourceObjectOwner = hrSchema
    article1.PublicationName = publicationName
    article1.Type = ArticleOptions.TableBased

    ' Define the parameterized filter clause based on Hostname.
    article1.FilterClause = "Employee.LoginID = HOST_NAME()"

    ' Set the required properties for the SalesOrderHeader article.
    article2.ConnectionContext = conn
    article2.Name = articleName2
    article2.DatabaseName = publicationDbName
    article2.SourceObjectName = articleName2
    article2.SourceObjectOwner = salesSchema
    article2.PublicationName = publicationName
    article2.Type = ArticleOptions.TableBased

    ' Set the required properties for the SalesOrderDetail article.
    article3.ConnectionContext = conn
    article3.Name = articleName3
    article3.DatabaseName = publicationDbName
    article3.SourceObjectName = articleName3
    article3.SourceObjectOwner = salesSchema
    article3.PublicationName = publicationName
    article3.Type = ArticleOptions.TableBased

    ' Create the articles, if they do not already exist.
    If article1.IsExistingObject = False Then
        article1.Create()
    End If
    If article2.IsExistingObject = False Then
        article2.Create()
    End If
    If article3.IsExistingObject = False Then
        article3.Create()
    End If

    ' Select published columns for SalesOrderHeader.
    ' Create an array of column names to vertically filter out.
    ' In this example, only one column is removed.
    Dim columns() As String = New String(0) {}

    columns(0) = "CreditCardApprovalCode"

    ' Remove the column.
    article2.RemoveReplicatedColumns(columns)

    ' Define a merge filter clauses that filter 
    ' SalesOrderHeader based on Employee and 
    ' SalesOrderDetail based on SalesOrderHeader. 

    ' Parent article.
    filter12.JoinArticleName = articleName1
    ' Child article.
    filter12.ArticleName = articleName2
    filter12.FilterName = filterName12
    filter12.JoinUniqueKey = True
    filter12.FilterTypes = FilterTypes.JoinFilter
    filter12.JoinFilterClause = filterClause12

    ' Add the join filter to the child article.
    article2.AddMergeJoinFilter(filter12)

    ' Parent article.
    filter23.JoinArticleName = articleName2
    ' Child article.
    filter23.ArticleName = articleName3
    filter23.FilterName = filterName23
    filter23.JoinUniqueKey = True
    filter23.FilterTypes = FilterTypes.JoinFilter
    filter23.JoinFilterClause = filterClause23

    ' Add the join filter to the child article.
    article3.AddMergeJoinFilter(filter23)

Catch ex As Exception
    ' Do error handling here and rollback the transaction.
    Throw New ApplicationException( _
        "The filtered articles could not be created", ex)
Finally
    conn.Disconnect()
End Try

另請參閱

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發行資料和資料庫物件
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